{"id":14526,"date":"2020-05-24T23:13:52","date_gmt":"2020-05-24T23:13:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14526"},"modified":"2020-05-24T23:13:52","modified_gmt":"2020-05-24T23:13:52","slug":"ancient-egyptian-mummification-unraveled-discoveries-from-saqqara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-egyptian-mummification-unraveled-discoveries-from-saqqara\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Saqqara h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Saqqara<\/h2>\n\n

Khai qu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang Saqqara \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp, n\u01a1i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1edbn: m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e1c di v\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c mai t\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

X\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9a hai b\u1ec3 l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ed1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef natron, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 b\u0103ng v\u1ea3i lanh. M\u1ed9t c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng ng\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t kho \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

Quy tr\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea5n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng b\u0103ng v\u1ea3i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c b\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c m\u1ee1, d\u1ea7u, gia v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ho\u00e0ng gia, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p trong c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c mai t\u00e1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Saqqara cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c. \u1ede gi\u1eefa x\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng l\u1edbn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng hai h\u00e0nh lang. B\u00ean trong nh\u1eefng c\u0103n ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp, quan t\u00e0i v\u00e0 quan t\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khu ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chung, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u00f2ng ri\u00eang, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec chung n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00f4ng phu b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1c m\u1ea1 v\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ee5c n\u00e1t l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

Danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecda ti\u1ebft trang tr\u00ed tr\u00ean chi\u1ebfc quan t\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 n\u01a1i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 “v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai” c\u1ee7a Mut, m\u1ed9t n\u1eef th\u1ea7n m\u1eb9, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u01b0 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Niut-Shaes, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n r\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Mut. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 danh t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfc m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Saqqara cung c\u1ea5p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c mai t\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, m\u1edf ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Ai C\u1eadp v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn m\u1edf c\u1eeda v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m nay. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Saqqara Khai qu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t x\u01b0\u1edfng \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c x\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbp V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[541,3516,88,18345,19495,19494],"class_list":["post-14526","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ancient-egypt","tag-burial-practices","tag-archaeology","tag-saqqara","tag-social-hierarchy","tag-mummification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14526","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14526"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14526\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14527,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14526\/revisions\/14527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14526"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14526"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14526"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}