{"id":14561,"date":"2024-04-11T11:36:28","date_gmt":"2024-04-11T11:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14561"},"modified":"2024-04-11T11:36:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T11:36:28","slug":"cave-formations-reveal-ancient-earthquakes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-sciences\/cave-formations-reveal-ancient-earthquakes\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ea8n s\u00e2u trong c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u1eb1m nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o n\u1eafm gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00ecnh n\u00f3n cao ch\u00f3t v\u00f3t m\u1ecdc l\u00ean t\u1eeb s\u00e0n hang \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t” \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, cung c\u1ea5p manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. Khi \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i urani-thori, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p: Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee9t g\u00e3y Thung l\u0169ng Wabash, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc do Samuel Panno \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. Trong Hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Donnehue, Indiana, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 100.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n 6.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 7 trong khu v\u1ef1c. M\u1ed9t nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n kh\u00e1c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 1.800 n\u0103m, tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 6,2 v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp theo ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c \u1edf Khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n New Madrid g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ed5 h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb rung chuy\u1ec3n trong c\u00e1c tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i urani-thori cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u1edbi n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng carbon ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 \u00edt b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5u lo\u1ea1n h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 l\u0169 l\u1ee5t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1. \u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1eb7p nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u hang \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch thay th\u1ebf cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch tinh ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1edf kh\u00f3a nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1, v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed Nh\u0169 \u0111\u00e1: Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ea8n s\u00e2u trong…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[728],"tags":[4270,207,572,19543,19542],"class_list":["post-14561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-sciences","tag-seismology","tag-geology","tag-earth-science","tag-paleoearthquakes","tag-stalagmites"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14561"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14562,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14561\/revisions\/14562"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}