{"id":14620,"date":"2021-01-11T03:07:27","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T03:07:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14620"},"modified":"2021-01-11T03:07:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-11T03:07:27","slug":"preserving-livestock-genetic-diversity-meat-banks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/agriculture-and-food\/preserving-livestock-genetic-diversity-meat-banks\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e0n v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng tinh tr\u00f9ng: B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt: Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt, n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef tinh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda t\u1eeb d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 thi\u00ean tai<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 l\u1edf m\u1ed3m long m\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i, \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n cung th\u1ecbt, s\u1eefa v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, cho ph\u00e9p kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lai t\u1ea1o ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u1ecfi nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n DNA \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n DNA \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n DNA th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong nit\u01a1 l\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a tinh \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00f9y theo lo\u00e0i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 12 gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gia s\u00fac ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1 da tr\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia<\/h2>\n\n

Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ngu\u1ed3n gen \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia (NAGP) do B\u1ed9 N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Hoa K\u1ef3 (USDA) \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, duy tr\u00ec b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o sinh s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 800.000 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u1eeb 26.000 con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho 155 gi\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch tr\u1eef ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tinh tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c m\u1eabu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1eadn huy\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c m\u1eabu tinh tr\u00f9ng t\u1eeb NAGP \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0n v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sinh s\u1ea3n nhanh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1edf h\u1eefu nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, gi\u1ed1ng b\u00f2 s\u1eebng d\u00e0i Texas c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, trong khi gi\u1ed1ng c\u1eebu b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Gulf Coast c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ed1i m\u00f3ng v\u00e0 k\u00fd sinh tr\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n trong qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1eadn huy\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u01b0u tr\u1eef an to\u00e0n cho ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gia s\u00fac \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 The Livestock Conservancy \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ngu\u1ed3n v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt nu\u00f4i v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng th\u1ecbt: Duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5878],"tags":[1194,4305,18587,2748,19628,19627,120],"class_list":["post-14620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-agriculture-and-food","tag-food-security","tag-animal-conservation","tag-livestock","tag-genetic-diversity","tag-heritage-breeds","tag-meat-banks","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14620","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14620"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14620\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14621,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14620\/revisions\/14621"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14620"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14620"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14620"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}