{"id":14658,"date":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","date_gmt":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14658"},"modified":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-11T17:26:05","slug":"angkor-wat-water-management-rise-and-fall-khmer-empire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/angkor-wat-water-management-rise-and-fall-khmer-empire\/","title":{"rendered":"Angkor Wat: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Angkor Wat: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Koh Ker<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 9 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf l\u00e0 Angkor, nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10, vua Jayavarman IV \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Koh Ker, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch Angkor kho\u1ea3ng 75 d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n

Koh Ker th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a Jayavarman IV, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eadn may c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 sau khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 944. Con trai v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua Khmer ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Angkor.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Koh Ker. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 canh t\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ee1 h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian m\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Angkor. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Koh Ker v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Koh Ker c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

M\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n

M\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Koh Ker. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vua Jayavarman IV \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1 n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf b\u00ea h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a Angkor<\/h2>\n\n

Sau khi Koh Ker s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, Angkor m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer. D\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb vua k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh. Angkor Wat, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Khmer c\u1ee7a Angkor \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u1edf Koh Ker. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 14. M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1300 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1eadn l\u1ee5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t LiDAR v\u00e0 radar xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1i Koh Ker v\u00e0 Angkor.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Khmer. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho ch\u00fang ta ng\u00e0y nay. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai an to\u00e0n cho h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Angkor Wat: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Khmer S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady v\u00e0 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Koh Ker V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[19666,18321,88,27,5786,252],"class_list":["post-14658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-angkor-wat","tag-khmer-empire","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-water-management","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14659,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14658\/revisions\/14659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}