{"id":14660,"date":"2022-03-27T05:51:09","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T05:51:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14660"},"modified":"2022-03-27T05:51:09","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T05:51:09","slug":"hawaii-a-captivating-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history\/hawaii-a-captivating-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Hawaii: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hawaii: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u1ea3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Polynesia v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1edbm<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Hawaii b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u0103m 400 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i Polynesia l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 t\u1eeb qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Marquesas b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh gian kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea3o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Hawaii. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1eaft c\u00e1, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng James Cook<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng James Cook v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1778 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hawaii. Cook, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o theo t\u00ean B\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbc Sandwich, \u0111\u00e3 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft c\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng may trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii t\u1ea1i V\u1ecbnh Kealakekua.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Vua Kamehameha<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1791 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1810, Vua Kamehameha, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t Hawaii. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00e1c nhau d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Hawaii \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kamehameha v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n vinh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6, Ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Vua Kamehameha, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5u h\u00e0nh hoa \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u00e1 voi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, mang theo nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng may, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hawaii b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Cook \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 70.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1853, m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1890, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00eda \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Hawaii. N\u0103m 1893, h\u1ecd d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng cu\u1ed9c l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Hawaii, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u00ean C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Hawaii. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi tinh hoa Hoa K\u1ef3, Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp Hawaii v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1898.<\/p>\n\n

N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Lili\u02bbuokalani v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Hawaii<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Lili\u02bbuokalani, v\u1ecb vua cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Hawaii, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hawaii. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t, c\u1ea7m t\u00f9 v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i tho\u00e1i v\u1ecb. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Hawaii v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Iolani \u1edf Honolulu, n\u01a1i b\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf \u0111au x\u00f3t v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ee7a Hawaii.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y 7 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1941 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00e9t ti\u1ebfng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hawaii, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 2.300 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t bi th\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a 1.100 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u USS Arizona. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng v\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 2 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1945 tr\u00ean t\u00e0u Battleship Missouri c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Ng\u00e0y nay, du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Missouri, v\u1eabn neo \u0111\u1eadu \u1edf Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Hawaii hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Hawaii ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Polynesia c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Hawaii v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Hawaii, duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4n vinh tinh th\u1ea7n aloha, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Hawaii<\/h2>\n\n

Hawaii mang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed nh\u01b0 Cung \u0111i\u1ec7n Iolani, B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng Bishop v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Qu\u1ed1c gia Tr\u00e2n Ch\u00e2u C\u1ea3ng. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Hawaii, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Hawaii.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t phong ph\u00fa, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c tham d\u1ef1 c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n hula truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m v\u1ea3i kapa. C\u00e1c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n di\u1ec5n ra quanh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh v\u0103n h\u00f3a Hawaii, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o tinh th\u1ea7n s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hawaii: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c th\u1ea3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Polynesia v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1edbm L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Hawaii b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[4036,1267,27,17781,56,6169,1726,63],"class_list":["post-14660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-heritage","tag-hawaii","tag-history","tag-polynesian","tag-world-war-ii","tag-pearl-harbor","tag-traditions","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14660","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14660"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14661,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14660\/revisions\/14661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}