{"id":14680,"date":"2021-11-27T05:09:25","date_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:09:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14680"},"modified":"2021-11-27T05:09:25","modified_gmt":"2021-11-27T05:09:25","slug":"paris-climate-talks-history-challenges-and-prospects","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/climate-science\/paris-climate-talks-history-challenges-and-prospects\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed, th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1992 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu nguy hi\u1ec3m. UNFCCC t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u00ean (COP) h\u00e0ng n\u0103m, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00fd do. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1ee9 hai, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3i ra nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec1u g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Paris l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu t\u1ea1i Paris, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 COP21, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Paris l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn “t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean” m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a UNFCCC. Theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Paris di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 B\u00e1o c\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban li\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto<\/h2>\n\n

Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cam k\u1ebft c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh trung b\u00ecnh 5% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 1990. Hoa K\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n Ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u01b0 Kyoto v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2012.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3i ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n c\u00e1c th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1edf Paris. Theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cam k\u1ebft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng cam k\u1ebft n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Paris<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Paris v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u00fd ch\u00ed ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n \u1edf Paris di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc khung c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (UNFCCC) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[34,19685,291,97,19686,19688,19687,120,569],"class_list":["post-14680","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-climate-change","tag-cop21","tag-greenhouse-gases","tag-science","tag-kyoto-protocol","tag-united-nations","tag-paris-climate-talks","tag-sustainability","tag-global-warming"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14680"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14681,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14680\/revisions\/14681"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14680"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14680"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14680"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}