{"id":14744,"date":"2020-06-22T03:32:06","date_gmt":"2020-06-22T03:32:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14744"},"modified":"2020-06-22T03:32:06","modified_gmt":"2020-06-22T03:32:06","slug":"bathysphere-pioneering-dive-deep-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/marine-science\/bathysphere-pioneering-dive-deep-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"Bathysphere: Cu\u1ed9c l\u1eb7n ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bathysphere: Cu\u1ed9c l\u1eb7n ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1930, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi B\u1ed9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi (DTR), m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: bathysphere.<\/p>\n\n

Bathysphere: M\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 quan c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf b\u1edfi Otis Barton, bathysphere l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u th\u00e9p b\u1ed1n m\u00e9t r\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb ba c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 th\u1ea1ch anh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng oxy tinh vi. B\u00ean trong ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a hai nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc: William Beebe, m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia v\u1ec1 chim n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Barton.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1930, bathysphere \u0111\u00e3 lao xu\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3n ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3o Nonsuch. Khi n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u1ea5m \u00e1p phai d\u1ea7n, thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t quang sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Beebe, b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat b\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con t\u00f4m v\u00e0 s\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con c\u00e1 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con l\u01b0\u01a1n kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Beebe nh\u1eadn ra s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bathysphere \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a khoa h\u1ecdc bi\u1ec3n. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc, ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

William Beebe: Nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f2 m\u00f2 m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a William Beebe \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Bathysphere<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bathysphere \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u. N\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu. \u00c1p su\u1ea5t, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bathysphere \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

Chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bathysphere l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh bathysphere. Ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb xa (ROV) v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh (AUV), \u0111ang cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bathysphere truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00fang ta v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ranh gi\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i m\u1ecfng manh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bathysphere: Cu\u1ed9c l\u1eb7n ti\u00ean phong xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u N\u0103m 1930, m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1300],"tags":[15730,1797,361,19759,19757,1302,19758],"class_list":["post-14744","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-science","tag-deep-sea-exploration","tag-history-of-science","tag-marine-biology","tag-submersibles","tag-bathysphere","tag-oceanography","tag-william-beebe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14744","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14744"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14744\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14745,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14744\/revisions\/14745"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14744"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14744"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14744"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}