Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u1eeb Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u01a1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 L\u01b0\u1ee1ng H\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 3000 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Senet v\u00e0 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Ho\u00e0ng gia c\u1ee7a Ur, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u ch\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i may r\u1ee7i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m t\u01b0 duy chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n
T\u1eeb kh\u1edfi ngu\u1ed3n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking ch\u01a1i m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hnefatafl, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Chaturanga, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1edd vua hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i x\u00fac x\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 may r\u1ee7i v\u00e0o tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n, c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Patolli, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aztec ch\u01a1i, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u0103n h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u00e2n c\u1edd. C\u1edd backgammon, v\u1edbi b\u00e0n c\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf l\u0103n x\u00fac x\u1eafc, c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n c\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Ludus Latrunculorum, do ng\u01b0\u1eddi La M\u00e3 ch\u01a1i, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c tr\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n. Tafl, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf Scandinavia, \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 mang t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n
\u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m linh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, Senet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean kia cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ai C\u1eadp c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Go, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n
\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay. C\u1edd vua, c\u1edd \u0111am v\u00e0 c\u1edd backgammon \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Ngay c\u1ea3 Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i Con ng\u1ed7ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111ua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 may r\u1ee7i, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16.<\/p>\n\n
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eed th\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian v\u00ec ch\u00fang mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Ch\u00fang khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, c\u1ea1nh tranh hay cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi l\u1ec5, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thu h\u00fat nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u1ee9a tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n c\u1ed5: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xuy\u00ean th\u1eddi gian Tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i b\u00e0n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u00f2 ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[21252,21251,21253,5366,21250],"class_list":["post-14766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-culture-and-board-games","tag-history-of-board-games","tag-evolution-of-board-games","tag-strategy-games","tag-ancient-board-games"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15993,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14766\/revisions\/15993"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}