{"id":14863,"date":"2023-06-06T02:37:50","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T02:37:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=14863"},"modified":"2023-06-06T02:37:50","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T02:37:50","slug":"massachusetts-history-and-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/massachusetts-history-and-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Massachusetts: B\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Massachusetts: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, Massachusetts l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf. B\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Massachusett, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Algonquin, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n g\u1ea7n Boston ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Anh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c ven bi\u1ec3n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Massachusett, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eed vong v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1eadu m\u00f9a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Massachusetts<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Massachusetts. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng Anh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm n\u01a1i \u1ea9n n\u00e1u kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Anh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Wampanoag, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i T\u1ea1 \u01a1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1621 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n m\u1eebng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1m n\u0103m sau, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb Anh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba V\u1ecbnh Massachusetts. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh gi\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi \u0111i ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u1edbi d\u1ecdc theo B\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Massachusetts<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Thanh gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 suy y\u1ebfu. N\u0103m 1692, Massachusetts tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Anh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng trong c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Anh. N\u0103m 1773, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con trai c\u1ee7a T\u1ef1 do \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i thu\u1ebf tr\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Anh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 tr\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng C\u1ea3ng Boston, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tr\u00e0 ti\u1ec7c Boston. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho cu\u1ed9c C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Massachusetts trong n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Sau cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, Massachusetts ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1780, do John Adams so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh v\u0103n l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Massachusetts c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, Massachusetts \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc. K\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

Massachusetts hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, Massachusetts l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c kh\u1eafp ti\u1ec3u bang. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9 th\u0103m Plymouth, n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n Mohawk, n\u01a1i theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong khu v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

V\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Massachusetts t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Nantucket v\u00e0 New Bedford g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 s\u0103n c\u00e1 voi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi Lexington v\u00e0 Concord \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Massachusetts<\/h2>\n\n

Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n hay \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf hay nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp, th\u00ec Massachusetts \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m di s\u1ea3n phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea7n theo d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Plymouth \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn n\u01a1i khai sinh c\u1ee7a C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf Lexington, Kh\u1ed1i Th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Massachusetts: M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh gh\u00e9p v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ed5 d\u00e2n da \u0111\u1ecf Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, Massachusetts l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[885,19882,1867,4036,305,659,8164,19880,27,6407,1537,316,19879,19881,1350,63],"class_list":["post-14863","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-american-revolution","tag-computer-technology","tag-biotechnology","tag-heritage","tag-tourism","tag-travel","tag-higher-education","tag-john-adams","tag-history","tag-massachusetts","tag-banking","tag-native-americans","tag-pilgrims","tag-textile-industry","tag-puritans","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14863"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14864,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14863\/revisions\/14864"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14863"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14863"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14863"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}