Woodrow Wilson, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9 28 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u “H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng”, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n
Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wilson \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng tin r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh ch\u1ec9 mang l\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 22 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1917, Wilson \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng” tr\u01b0\u1edbc Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Hoa K\u1ef3 duy tr\u00ec l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung l\u1eadp, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 gieo m\u1ea7m cho xung \u0111\u1ed9t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n
“Chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh b\u1ecb \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean k\u1ebb thua cu\u1ed9c, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i”, Wilson n\u00f3i. “N\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i n\u1ed7i \u0111au, s\u1ef1 ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t k\u00fd \u1ee9c cay \u0111\u1eafng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u00e1t l\u00fan.”<\/p>\n\n
B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a Wilson \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea7y hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e2y th\u01a1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wilson: ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua chinh ph\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p mong mu\u1ed1n trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Wilson ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean tham chi\u1ebfn. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c m\u00edt tinh v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfn tranh n\u1ed5 ra tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 Li\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Ki\u00eang r\u01b0\u1ee3u C\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1c gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n M\u1ecf Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f2i s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n
Chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u00eam m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3. Sau khi t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch Lusitania c\u1ee7a Anh b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 128 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng, Wilson y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u d\u00e2n s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Wilson, s\u1ef1 trung l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng. V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1917, \u0110\u1ee9c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00e0u ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0u ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. Wilson \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t quan h\u1ec7 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn do d\u1ef1 khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng 3, sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0u bu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9, Wilson kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tuy\u00ean chi\u1ebfn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c \u0110\u1ee9c. Hoa K\u1ef3 tham chi\u1ebfn trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 “H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng” c\u1ee7a Wilson.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wilson cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Kellogg-Briand n\u0103m 1928, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf chi\u1ebfn tranh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wilson.<\/p>\n\n
Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai, c\u0169ng mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn Wilson. H\u1ed9i Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Wilson cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh cho Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Wilson \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean h\u1eadu Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai. Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh, Chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u1edf Afghanistan v\u00e0 Iraq \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Wilson v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u00e0 can thi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n
B\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Wilson v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y nay. B\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u “H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng” c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Woodrow Wilson: Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng “H\u00f2a b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng” Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng Wilson Woodrow Wilson, T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3950,19883,19884,1880,1882,19885,2775],"class_list":["post-14865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-world-war-i","tag-peace-without-victory","tag-idealism","tag-diplomacy","tag-international-relations","tag-neutrality","tag-woodrow-wilson"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14865\/revisions\/14866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}