Giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i hung d\u1eef, ch\u00fang \u0103n giun \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0103n l\u1eabn nhau. C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u \u00c1, nh\u1eefng con giun n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 qua, tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 khi Pierre Gros, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ecdc nghi\u1ec7p d\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t con giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa v\u00e0 g\u1eedi cho c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn tay Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Jean-Lou Justine, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban \u0111\u1ea7u coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Gros g\u1eedi cho Justine nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 hai lo\u00e0i giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa, Justine \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra. Th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ghi l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con giun n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u0103ng VHS \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng con giun \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong g\u1ea7n hai th\u1eadp k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa m\u00e0u xanh lam r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Mayotte ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Ch\u00e2u Phi, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i m\u1edbi. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng con giun n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00e1n l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa \u1edf Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc do t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng con giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i \u1edf m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u0103n b\u1eaft giun \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf Scotland v\u00e0 Ireland \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa t\u1eeb New Zealand \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ecf n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng con giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt k\u1ebb th\u00f9 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean do ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 v\u1ecb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang sinh s\u00f4i n\u1ea3y n\u1edf kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n
Giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa s\u0103n giun \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n. Ch\u00fang b\u00e1m v\u00e0o con m\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u01a1 b\u1eafp v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ebft d\u00ednh, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft ra c\u00e1c enzyme ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a con giun \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00fat h\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n
H\u00e0nh vi s\u0103n m\u1ed3i n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi th\u00f3i quen \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, khi\u1ebfn giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eddm \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng bi quan. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con giun x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i s\u0103n m\u1ed3i t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n
C\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00eam nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa: Cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Giun \u0111\u1ea7u b\u00faa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo chi\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i s\u0103n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[395,1470,19915,19913,286,19914],"class_list":["post-14889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology","tag-biodiversity","tag-earthworms","tag-ecological-threat","tag-hammerhead-flatworms","tag-invasive-species","tag-soil-ecology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14889"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24152,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14889\/revisions\/24152"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}