S\u00f4ng Mississippi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “Cha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc”, c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Kho\u1ea3ng 70 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i k\u1ef7 Ph\u1ea5n tr\u1eafng, m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong m\u1ed9t d\u00e3y n\u00fai t\u1eebng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9. Kho\u1ea3ng h\u1edf n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u1ecbnh Mississippi (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1eb1ng s\u00f4ng Mississippi), cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t con s\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb Bi\u1ec3n N\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00eda T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn V\u1ecbnh Mexico.<\/p>\n\n
Theo th\u1eddi gian, con s\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Mississippi n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1edd ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Platte, Arkansas, Tennessee v\u00e0 Red. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3, ch\u1edf theo l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n
S\u00f4ng Mississippi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y gi\u1eefa l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecdc theo d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Mark Twain \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed h\u00f3a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 phi\u00eau l\u01b0u, trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Ojibwe, Dakota v\u00e0 Chitimacha v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u00e2m linh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
S\u00f4ng Mississippi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch kinh t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Hoa K\u1ef3. D\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho 18 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n
S\u00f4ng Mississippi c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, bao g\u1ed3m l\u0169 l\u1ee5t v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. Tr\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng th\u1ee7y n\u0103m 1927 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i di d\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1i di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, du l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mississippi.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u00f4ng Mississippi \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn ngh\u0129, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 80 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n
S\u00f4ng Mississippi l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c b\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i 70 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh quan, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n
Khi ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Mississippi, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 mai sau.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00f4ng Mississippi: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i 70 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a S\u00f4ng Mississippi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “Cha c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc”, c\u00f3 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y l\u1ecbch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23371,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[207,3948,342,572,27,283,3701,63],"class_list":["post-14908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-geology","tag-waterways","tag-life-science","tag-earth-science","tag-history","tag-environment","tag-mississippi-river","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14908"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14909,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14908\/revisions\/14909"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23371"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}