Flo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Grand Rapids, Michigan v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1945. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Fredrick McKay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Colorado Springs c\u00f3 r\u0103ng b\u1ecb \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u00edt b\u1ecb s\u00e2u r\u0103ng h\u01a1n. McKay \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ebft \u1ed1 v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 do flo trong ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 flo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u00e2u r\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1945, Grand Rapids \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a McKay. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam flo v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u00e2u r\u0103ng t\u1eeb 50% \u0111\u1ebfn 70% \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Hoa K\u1ef3 khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 flo t\u1ed1i \u01b0u trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 t\u1eeb 0,7 \u0111\u1ebfn 1,2 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1962.<\/p>\n\n
Flo c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u00e2u r\u0103ng v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap r\u0103ng ch\u1eafc kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y axit. Flo c\u0169ng gi\u00fap t\u00e1i kho\u00e1ng h\u00f3a r\u0103ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng r\u0103ng b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u00e2u r\u0103ng. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a flo – trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c – \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u00e2u r\u0103ng trung b\u00ecnh 0,3 ca\/ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Trong \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n
Flo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c nha khoa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u00e2u r\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe r\u0103ng mi\u1ec7ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n
T\u1ea1i Portland, Oregon, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung flo, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 flo \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Portland b\u1ecb s\u00e2u r\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n 40% so v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em \u1edf Seattle, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung flo g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
C\u1ee5c Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 D\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m (FDA) coi flo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c \u1edf n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng flo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi flo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 IQ v\u00e0 ung th\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n
Trung t\u00e2m Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba D\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh (CDC) tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng “kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0o cho th\u1ea5y flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c khuy\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe”.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung flo \u1edf Portland \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i flo \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a flo, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 flo nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a flo \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013, Portland \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung flo v\u00e0o ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Tuy nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00ec flo v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n
Flo l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba s\u00e2u r\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p y t\u1ebf c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan tr\u1ecdng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kinh t\u1ebf x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 flo c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung flo v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng: L\u1ee3i \u00edch, hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 an to\u00e0n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u1ec1 flo trong n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng Flo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Grand…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[463],"tags":[19952,19953,97,178,1629,1129],"class_list":["post-14918","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health-and-medicine","tag-fluoride","tag-water-fluoridation","tag-science","tag-public-health","tag-dental-health","tag-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14918"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14919,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14918\/revisions\/14919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}