Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. N\u0103m nay, gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ba nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00ec c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n pin lithium-ion, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970. Khi gi\u00e1 x\u0103ng t\u0103ng v\u1ecdt, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 M. Stanley Whittingham, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u si\u00eau d\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Whittingham \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u gi\u00e0u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 titan disunfua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ion lithium. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i pin trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ef1c \u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng lithium kim lo\u1ea1i. Lo\u1ea1i pin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i pin axit th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1980, John B. Goodenough \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Whittingham b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf cho titan disunfua. \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng coban oxit c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. N\u0103m 1985, Akira Yoshino \u0111\u00e3 thay th\u1ebf lithium kim lo\u1ea1i trong pin b\u1eb1ng than c\u1ed1c d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf ph\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ion lithium, gi\u00fap pin an to\u00e0n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1991, pin lithium-ion \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00f3a. Sony \u0111\u00e3 cho ra m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean pin lithium-ion s\u1ea1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n
Pin lithium-ion \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u00e1ch tay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7m tay kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho xe \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n
Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong d\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdn v\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, pin lithium-ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00e1y t\u1ea1o nh\u1ecbp tim c\u1ea5y gh\u00e9p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, pin lithium-ion v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 lithium \u0111ang t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Coban c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n cung khan hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c coban c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi ph\u1ea1m nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 pin m\u1edbi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o lithium v\u00e0 coban h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n l\u00e0 pin th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n r\u1eafn thay v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n l\u1ecfng. Pin th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n pin lithium-ion.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a pin lithium-ion l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc trong vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Pin lithium-ion: Thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Gi\u1ea3i Nobel H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[121],"tags":[7828,535,218,20005,20004],"class_list":["post-14976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-energy","tag-battery-technology","tag-nobel-prize","tag-chemistry","tag-energy-storage","tag-lithium-ion-batteries"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14976"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14977,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14976\/revisions\/14977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}