{"id":15035,"date":"2024-06-10T22:21:24","date_gmt":"2024-06-10T22:21:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15035"},"modified":"2024-06-10T22:21:24","modified_gmt":"2024-06-10T22:21:24","slug":"january-anniversaries-momentous-memorable","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/history-of-science\/january-anniversaries-momentous-memorable\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t: Kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t: Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng con tin Iran: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1981, 52 con tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Iran tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do sau 444 ng\u00e0y b\u1ecb giam c\u1ea7m. Nh\u1eefng con tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng v\u0169 trang b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 qu\u00e1n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u1edf Tehran, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f2i tr\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do cho v\u1ecb vua b\u1ecb l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a David Roeder v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 do l\u00e0, “\u0110\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac r\u1ed3i!” N\u0103m 2001, t\u00f2a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf c\u1eeda nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m thu h\u00fat kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u1ed1c c\u00f3 in kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u “\u0110\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9”.<\/p>\n\n

Ham ch\u00fa tinh tinh: Chuy\u1ebfn du h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng t\u00ean l\u1eeda v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 31 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1961, ch\u00fa tinh tinh Ham \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh lo\u00e0i linh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i t\u00ean l\u1eeda k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 16 ph\u00fat c\u1ee7a ch\u00fa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u00e0o v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 ba th\u00e1ng sau \u0111\u00f3. Ham \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 h\u01b0u kh\u1ecfi NASA v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1963 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng y\u00ean b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u1eddn th\u00fa qu\u1ed1c gia \u1edf Washington, D.C. “Phi h\u00e0nh gia tinh tinh” \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1983 t\u1ea1i C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc B\u1eafc Carolina.<\/p>\n\n

Benjamin Franklin: Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9<\/h3>\n\n

Sinh ra t\u1ea1i Boston v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 17 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1706, Benjamin Franklin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, nh\u00e0 b\u00e3i n\u00f4, nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh hi\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9, nh\u01b0 John Adams \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd, “Danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Newton, Frederick \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf hay Voltaire”. Franklin qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Philadelphia v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1790 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 84, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 si\u00eau sao qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Concorde: T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 si\u00eau thanh<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 21 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1976, Concorde \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u00e1y bay ch\u1edf kh\u00e1ch si\u00eau thanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bay nhanh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111ang lao t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 g\u1ea5p h\u01a1n hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m thanh. C\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn bay xuy\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eefa London v\u00e0 New York ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t ba gi\u1edd. Concorde \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 2003, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf h\u01a1n 2,5 tri\u1ec7u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1ch tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: M\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c<\/h3>\n\n

Sinh ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1756 t\u1ea1i Salzburg, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u0103m 5 tu\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 12 tu\u1ed5i, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ra \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 v\u1edf operetta ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c “Bastien und Bastienne”. T\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Mozart v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u1eeba b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Joseph II r\u1eb1ng, “Qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed1t nh\u1ea1c”. D\u1eabu v\u1eady, thi\u00ean t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Mozart l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c Joseph Haydn \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 “nh\u00e0 so\u1ea1n nh\u1ea1c v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn”. Mozart qua \u0111\u1eddi bi th\u1ea3m v\u00ec s\u1ed1t th\u1ea5p kh\u1edbp t\u1ea1i Vienna v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1791 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 35.<\/p>\n\n

N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng Liliuokalani: N\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Hawaii<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1891, Lydia Paki Liliuokalani tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii. Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn, v\u00ec doanh nh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 Sanford Dole, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n L\u1ee5c chi\u1ebfn Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ebf tru\u1ea5t b\u00e0 hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a Hawaii sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1900. Liliuokalani \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bngh\u1ecb ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng cho nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u1ecbch thu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u00e0 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Honolulu v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1917 \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 79.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e1ng M\u1ed9t: Nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng con tin Iran: Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 20 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23632,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[2203,20084,20081,20082,97,27,20083,63,3909],"class_list":["post-15035","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-benjamin-franklin","tag-concorde","tag-ham-the-chimp","tag-iran-hostage-crisis","tag-science","tag-history","tag-queen-liliuokalani","tag-culture","tag-wolfgang-amadeus-mozart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15035"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15036,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15035\/revisions\/15036"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23632"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15035"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15035"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15035"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}