{"id":15141,"date":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","date_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15141"},"modified":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","modified_gmt":"2021-09-25T08:39:36","slug":"joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/joseph-hayne-rainey-first-african-american-congressman\/","title":{"rendered":"Joseph Hayne Rainey: Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joseph Hayne Rainey: Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey sinh ra trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u1edf Georgetown, Nam Carolina, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1832. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, cha c\u1ee7a Rainey, Edward, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 do cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 di c\u01b0<\/h2>\n\n<p>Trong N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn, Rainey b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c gia nh\u1eadp Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Li\u00ean minh mi\u1ec1n Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn Bermuda, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 c\u1eaft t\u00f3c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau chi\u1ebfn tranh, Rainey tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nam Carolina v\u00e0 tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. \u00d4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec3u bang Nam Carolina v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea7u v\u00e0o H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1870, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Rainey \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u00e1m s\u00e1t. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, Rainey tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n b\u1ea7u c\u1eed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng qua \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Ku Klux Klan v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u0103m 1875.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n<p>Th\u1eddi gian Rainey \u1edf Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam sau N\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. Rainey \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eadn m\u1eaft nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Hamburg v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1876, Rainey l\u00ean \u00e1n cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t Hamburg, m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n qu\u00e2n da \u0111en \u1edf Nam Carolina. \u00d4ng l\u00ean \u00e1n b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 1877 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u0103m 1877, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 T\u00e1i thi\u1ebft. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i li\u00ean bang r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a da tr\u1eafng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n ti\u1ec3u bang. S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Rainey b\u1ecb c\u1eaft ng\u1eafn do th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n<p>Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Joseph Hayne Rainey nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i ti\u00ean phong trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. L\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n b\u1ed5 sung<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Rainey l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>\u00d4ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a H\u1ea1 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/li>\n<li>Con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Olive, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da m\u00e0u (NAACP).<\/li>\n<li>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Rainey \u1edf Georgetown, Nam Carolina, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea trong S\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Joseph Hayne Rainey: Ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Th\u1eddi ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi Joseph Hayne Rainey sinh ra trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[489,20211,3914,1080,765,20210,1879,1565],"class_list":["post-15141","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-politics","tag-joseph-hayne-rainey","tag-united-states-history","tag-african-american-history","tag-slavery","tag-congress","tag-civil-rights","tag-reconstruction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15141"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15142,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15141\/revisions\/15142"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15141"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15141"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15141"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}