{"id":15299,"date":"2024-07-27T22:17:36","date_gmt":"2024-07-27T22:17:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15299"},"modified":"2024-07-27T22:17:36","modified_gmt":"2024-07-27T22:17:36","slug":"nuclear-fallout-shelters-history-hope-despair","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/nuclear-science\/nuclear-fallout-shelters-history-hope-despair\/","title":{"rendered":"Boong ke ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Boong ke ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 boong ke ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n sau v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1edf Hiroshima v\u00e0 Nagasaki n\u0103m 1945. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kinh ho\u00e0ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u1ede Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a qu\u1ea3 bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i “genbaku bungaku” (v\u0103n h\u1ecdc bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 phim nh\u01b0 “Godzilla” (1954).<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea1i Hoa K\u1ef3, C\u1ee5c Ph\u00f2ng v\u1ec7 D\u00e2n s\u1ef1 Li\u00ean bang (FCDA) \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh M\u1ef9 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111ang \u1ea9n n\u00e1u trong c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc sang c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7t t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh leo thang, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 kh\u00ed h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nghi ng\u1edd t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 thi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. T\u00e2m l\u00fd ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n gia t\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ho\u00e0i nghi. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chi\u1ebfn tranh Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ronald Reagan v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980<\/h2>\n\n

Khi Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c xung quanh c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim nh\u01b0 “When the Wind Blows” v\u00e0 “Threads” \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn tranh h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 \u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 phim nh\u01b0 “Blast From the Past” v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed nh\u01b0 “Fallout” \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean nang th\u1eddi gian v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Chi\u1ebfn tranh L\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Ukraine c\u1ee7a Nga, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 TikTok hi\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c video ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00fa \u1ea9n trong boong ke. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea7m tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Boong ke ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 boong ke ch\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n xu\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23966,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1613],"tags":[770,27,20394,20395,63,2098],"class_list":["post-15299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nuclear-science","tag-cold-war","tag-history","tag-nuclear-fallout-shelters","tag-atomic-age","tag-culture","tag-society"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15299"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15300,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15299\/revisions\/15300"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15299"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15299"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}