{"id":15315,"date":"2019-06-29T09:01:50","date_gmt":"2019-06-29T09:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15315"},"modified":"2019-06-29T09:01:50","modified_gmt":"2019-06-29T09:01:50","slug":"ancient-maya-origins-hermaphrodite-papaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/biology\/ancient-maya-origins-hermaphrodite-papaya\/","title":{"rendered":"Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 hermaphrodite th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 gen ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u1ea3 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ba gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: \u0111\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 l\u1edbn, th\u01a1m ngon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 s\u1edf di truy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Illinois \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u so s\u00e1nh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1c hoang d\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho th\u1ea5y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 so s\u00e1nh nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng hai lo\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nhau, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n k\u1ef3 gi\u1eefa \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 4.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh Maya, cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Maya<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m ng\u00f4, \u0111\u1eadu v\u00e0 b\u00ed. C\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Trung M\u1ef9. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch so v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i. C\u00e2y l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh cho n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 r\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00e2y con l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed3ng \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 (ch\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng 7 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc) khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u00f3i chung. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n gi\u1eefa \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng di s\u1ea3n \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t di s\u1ea3n l\u00e2u d\u00e0i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta \u0103n u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Maya c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111u \u0111\u1ee7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u1ec1 gen ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[288],"tags":[188,20421,20419,449,20420,6946,20422,287,4952],"class_list":["post-15315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biology","tag-genetics","tag-papaya","tag-hermaphrodite-papaya","tag-plant-science","tag-history-of-food","tag-ancient-maya","tag-sex-chromosomes","tag-agriculture","tag-mesoamerica"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15315"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15316,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15315\/revisions\/15316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}