{"id":15444,"date":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","date_gmt":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15444"},"modified":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","modified_gmt":"2024-05-30T10:04:55","slug":"the-great-tea-race-of-1866-a-race-against-time-and-the-elements","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/life-sciences\/the-great-tea-race-of-1866-a-race-against-time-and-the-elements\/","title":{"rendered":"Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1866: Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 vinh quang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1866<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1866, b\u1ed1n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tr\u00e0 qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn London. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5u th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Ariel, Taeping, Fiery Cross v\u00e0 Serica. Ariel, do thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng John Keay ch\u1ec9 huy, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Fiery Cross, do thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e0y d\u1ea1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m Dick Robinson ch\u1ec9 huy, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0110ua thuy\u1ec1n tr\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1861, 1862, 1863 v\u00e0 1865.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 28 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1866, khi Ariel nh\u1ed5 neo r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u. C\u00e1c t\u00e0u kh\u00e1c s\u1edbm \u0111i theo sau. Nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00f2ng qua b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0i Loan, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda nam. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eed th\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00f3 m\u00f9a, b\u00e3o v\u00e0 l\u1eb7ng gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e3 tham gia Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 quan ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u1ed9t bu\u1ed3m cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1nh bu\u1ed3m.<\/p>\n\n

Ariel l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i Scotland v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1866. Con t\u00e0u d\u00e0i 225 feet v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 1.074 t\u1ea5n. Con t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 32 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m 80 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Taeping l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1863. T\u00e0u h\u01a1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n Ariel, d\u00e0i 212 feet v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 963 t\u1ea5n. T\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 28 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m 70 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Fiery Cross l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1860. T\u00e0u l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean, d\u00e0i 190 feet v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 850 t\u1ea5n. T\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 24 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n 60 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Serica l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u g\u1ed7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1864. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con t\u00e0u nh\u1eb9 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n con t\u00e0u, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea3i 925 t\u1ea5n. T\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb 20 kh\u1ea9u s\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n 55 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e3 tham gia Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

John Keay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn. \u00d4ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng trong Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n

Dick Robinson l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t huy t\u1ed1i \u0111a con t\u00e0u v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Donald MacKinnon l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scotland, ch\u1ec9 huy Taeping. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hoa ti\u00eau l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay.<\/p>\n\n

George Innes l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, ch\u1ec9 huy Serica. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u00edt sao v\u00e0 gay c\u1ea5n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. B\u1ed1n con t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1y song song trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed7i con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n

Fiery Cross \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ariel 14 gi\u1edd m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Anjer, t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n d\u1eabn v\u00e0o Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 20 ng\u00e0y sau khi r\u1eddi Ph\u00fac Ch\u00e2u. Taeping v\u00e0 Ariel \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i hai ng\u00e0y, v\u00e0 Serica ch\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xung quanh M\u0169i H\u1ea3o V\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o; c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i r\u1ea5t nhanh, Ariel \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trong ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 317 d\u1eb7m v\u00e0 Fiery Cross l\u00e0 328 d\u1eb7m. Khi \u0111\u1ea3o Saint Helena hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi, Taeping c\u1ee7a MacKinnon \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc Fiery Cross 24 gi\u1edd, trong khi Ariel v\u00e0 Serica ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n eo bi\u1ec3n Manche, gi\u00f3 v\u1eabn thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, th\u1ed5i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f4ng nam. Nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi Ariel v\u00e0 Taeping d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecf xa Fiery Cross v\u00e0 Serica.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1866, Ariel v\u00e0 Taeping c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn eo bi\u1ec3n Manche, trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nhau. H\u1ecd \u0111ua nhau l\u00ean eo bi\u1ec3n song song, v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 14 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o t\u00e1m gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng 9, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n Ariel \u0111ang b\u00e1o s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat sau, Taeping xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai. Serica ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y hai gi\u1edd, c\u00f2n Fiery Cross kh\u00f4ng may v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n 36 gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1866 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i tr\u00e0. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u ch\u1edf tr\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng London m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u0103m. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1eadp c\u1ea3ng London l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc nhanh nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t, mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00e0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1866 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua tr\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u0103m 1866 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua N\u0103m 1866, b\u1ed1n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m nhanh nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111ua quy\u1ebft li\u1ec7t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[762],"tags":[20575,4933,20576],"class_list":["post-15444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-life-sciences","tag-tea-race","tag-maritime-history","tag-clipper-ships"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15444"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15445,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15444\/revisions\/15445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15444"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}