{"id":15470,"date":"2023-09-25T08:06:51","date_gmt":"2023-09-25T08:06:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15470"},"modified":"2023-09-25T08:06:51","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T08:06:51","slug":"antarctic-midges-survival-extreme-cold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/antarctic-midges-survival-extreme-cold\/","title":{"rendered":"Ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c – Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn binh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng gi\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n

Ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c: Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0 l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u1ef1c Nam, Nam C\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khoan nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 hoang vu n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd: ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c, Belgica antarctica<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bay n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t centimet, d\u00e0nh ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng trong n\u0103m trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1nh nhanh: C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1nh nhanh (RCH). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh l\u00fd n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1nh, ru\u1ed3i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00fap b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

Vi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng: N\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 vi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u01b0 tr\u00fa b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1edbp tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c, n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5m h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trung b\u00ecnh. Vi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, cho ph\u00e9p ru\u1ed3i duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cao h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecbu l\u1ea1nh nhanh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p. Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ru\u1ed3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb m\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu<\/h2>\n\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c kh\u00ed h\u1eadu Nam C\u1ef1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch ru\u1ed3i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf sinh l\u00fd gi\u00fap t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9: H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng trong gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t Ru\u1ed3i Nam C\u1ef1c: Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 d\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam s\u1ed1ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[20611,20610,20608,20609,20612],"class_list":["post-15470","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-insect-adaptations","tag-rapid-cold-hardening","tag-antarctic-midges","tag-extreme-cold-survival","tag-climate-change-impacts"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15470","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15470"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15470\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15471,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15470\/revisions\/15471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15470"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15470"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15470"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}