{"id":15521,"date":"2026-08-30T16:52:36","date_gmt":"2026-08-30T16:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15521"},"modified":"2026-08-30T16:52:36","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T16:52:36","slug":"the-demise-of-the-card-catalog-a-historical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/education\/the-demise-of-the-card-catalog-a-historical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 Tan Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c: T\u1eeb Th\u1eddi K\u1ef3 V\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebfn K\u1ef7 Nguy\u00ean S\u1ed1"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 Tan Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c: G\u00f3c Nh\u00ecn L\u1ecbch S\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c: M\u1ed9t Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e3 Qua<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tham chi\u1ebfu l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi n\u00e0y, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ng\u0103n k\u00e9o ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u1ebb gi\u1ea5y ghi th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n M\u00e1y t\u00ednh Tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (OCLC), h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m in v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ng\u1eebng cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y. Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a OCLC \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n trung th\u00e0nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 Tr\u1ed7i D\u1eady c\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Danh M\u1ee5c K\u1ef9 Thu\u1eadt S\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy cho s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 WorldCat c\u1ee7a OCLC. C\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. V\u1edbi t\u00ednh n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm theo t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa, c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c analog tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u01b0 th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 Ti\u1ebfn H\u00f3a c\u1ee7a H\u1ec7 Th\u1ed1ng Tham Chi\u1ebfu Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft tay t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c th\u1ebb. Melvil Dewey, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Th\u1eadp ph\u00e2n Dewey, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n sang th\u1ebb in b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, v\u1edbi OCLC \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng danh m\u1ee5c tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn chung c\u1ee7a OCLC, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1971, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd Ngh\u0129a Bi\u1ec3u T\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c c\u00f2n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh t\u1edbi b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1edbt qua th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c mong ch\u1edd v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng T\u00e0n D\u1ea5u Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i n\u01a1i v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Concordia \u1edf Bronxville, New York, v\u1eabn gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n sao d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh di s\u1ea3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Di S\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tan bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c do th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp danh m\u1ee5c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c danh m\u1ee5c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb analog sang s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap tinh gi\u1ea3n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

Khi c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, th\u1ebb danh m\u1ee5c s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 th\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u1ef1 Tan Bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c: G\u00f3c Nh\u00ecn L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Th\u1ebb Danh M\u1ee5c: M\u1ed9t Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u00e3 Qua Ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1513],"tags":[20683,20686,20684,20685,20688,20687],"class_list":["post-15521","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education","tag-card-catalog","tag-digital-libraries","tag-library-history","tag-library-technology","tag-melvil-dewey","tag-oclc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15521","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15521"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15521\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25547,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15521\/revisions\/25547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15521"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15521"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15521"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}