C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb Taung \u1edf Nam Phi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o “C\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi” \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n
Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 5-7 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 “Ardi” v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2009 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 nhanh h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n
\u1ede Ch\u00e2u Phi, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam nh\u01b0 Australopithecus deryiremeda v\u00e0 Australopithecus sediba \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i c\u00e2y ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n
Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tinh kh\u00f4n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1c h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb Ma-r\u1ed1c cho th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 300.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c1, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hobbit” b\u00ed \u1ea9n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Flores v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova \u1edf Siberia, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c khi h\u1ecd di c\u01b0 ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n
S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 b\u1ed9 gen ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n
DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng trong K\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay v\u1eabn mang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n DNA c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Denisova b\u00ed \u1ea9n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 lai gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal.<\/p>\n\n
DNA c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c nhau, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 k\u1eb9o cao su, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt th\u1eddi x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n
DNA kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh. C\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c protein c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng cao 9 feet, n\u1eb7ng 1.300 pound v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00f4i r\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf h\u1ec7 vi sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u00ecnh g\u1ed1m c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 b\u00ecnh s\u1eefa cho tr\u1ebb em.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn. \u1ea2nh ch\u1ee5p tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh v\u1ec7 tinh cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. M\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i cung c\u1ea5p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u1ea1n c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 LIDAR t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 3D c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh quan, h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh trong th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt r\u1eadm r\u1ea1p. Radar xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n khai qu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111ang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh trong h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf Peru. \u0110\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111ang gi\u00fap t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n
Quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. Phong tr\u00e0o Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edf th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1 gi\u00fap kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y th\u1eed th\u00e1ch. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i du m\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh \u00edt b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang ch\u00e2u Phi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[1017,34,20752,497,89,1296,88,97,27,487],"class_list":["post-15582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-ancient-dna","tag-climate-change","tag-biomolecules","tag-technology","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-big-data","tag-archaeology","tag-science","tag-history","tag-human-evolution"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15582"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15583,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15582\/revisions\/15583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}