{"id":15586,"date":"2020-04-10T15:13:15","date_gmt":"2020-04-10T15:13:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15586"},"modified":"2020-04-10T15:13:15","modified_gmt":"2020-04-10T15:13:15","slug":"microscopic-view-of-chemical-reactions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/chemistry\/microscopic-view-of-chemical-reactions\/","title":{"rendered":"Quan s\u00e1t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quan s\u00e1t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn vi m\u00f4<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi. \u0110\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u1ed1i c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 oligo-(phenylene-1,2-ethynylene). Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i cao, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc tham gia v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Ch\u1ea5t k\u1ebft d\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c gi\u1eef c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Hai lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb. Trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft ion, m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u1ea5y \u0111i m\u1ed9t electron t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ion d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ion \u00e2m h\u00fat l\u1eabn nhau. Trong li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t, hai ho\u1eb7c ba c\u1eb7p electron, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh do k\u00ednh hi\u1ec3n vi ch\u1ee5p l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ecfng, gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh que th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ph\u00e2n t\u1eed m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n t\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. H\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u1eed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, v\u00f2ng benzen, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh l\u1ee5c gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u1ee5p \u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed tham gia, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ef1c quan h\u00f3a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi n\u00e0y m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 y h\u1ecdc, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn l\u1edbn trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quan s\u00e1t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn vi m\u00f4 L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3804],"tags":[4876,20756,218,4875,20757,99,20758],"class_list":["post-15586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","tag-science-photography","tag-molecular-structure","tag-chemistry","tag-microscopy","tag-chemical-bonds","tag-lifescienceart","tag-atomic-interactions"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15587,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15586\/revisions\/15587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}