{"id":15613,"date":"2024-05-14T01:30:14","date_gmt":"2024-05-14T01:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15613"},"modified":"2024-05-14T01:30:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-14T01:30:14","slug":"don-foster-master-of-literary-forensics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/linguistics\/don-foster-master-of-literary-forensics\/","title":{"rendered":"Don Foster: B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e9n m\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea9n danh v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Don Foster: B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n<p>Don Foster l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vassar, nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea9n danh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Foster \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, gi\u00fap ph\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Shakespeare<\/h3>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Foster li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1612 c\u00f3 ch\u1eef k\u00fd &#8220;W. S.&#8221;. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft, Foster \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ebfu v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 William Shakespeare. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Shakespeare m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a &#8220;Primary Colors&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n<p>K\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Foster c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eed th\u00e1ch khi \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea9n danh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb &#8220;Primary Colors&#8221;. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t c\u00e1c m\u1eabu vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a 35 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, Foster t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Joe Klein. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Klein ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean qu\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00ed \u1ea9n &#8220;\u0110\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1ng sinh&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 \u00e1n g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd kh\u00e1c, Foster \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0i th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau th\u00edch &#8220;\u0110\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc Gi\u00e1ng sinh&#8221; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tay ch\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Henry Livingston, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean Kinh Th\u00e1nh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc Clement Clarke Moore. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u01a1 v\u00e0 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady s\u1ef1 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Livingston.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Foster c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u00ednh nghi ph\u1ea1m trong c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i JonBen\u00e9t Ramsey v\u00e0 v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1nh bom Th\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i \u1edf C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Centennial \u1edf Atlanta. Trong m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1eabu vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Foster \u0111\u1ec1u cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng quan tr\u1ecdng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1eaft gi\u1eef th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n<p>Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Foster v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb ng\u1eef:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u1ea5u c\u00e2u:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u c\u00e2u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y, d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m v\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c m\u1eabu ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t quen thu\u1ed9c:<\/strong> X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<li><strong>C\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb:<\/strong> Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5, so s\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7p \u00e2m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Foster c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 phong c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea9n danh ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n<p>C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Foster \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 \u00e1n, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, nh\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u1ed3i k\u00fd c\u1ee7a Don Foster<\/h3>\n\n<p>Cu\u1ed1n h\u1ed3i k\u00fd g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Foster, &#8220;T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00f4 danh: Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy t\u00ecm \u1ea9n danh&#8221;, cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u1ea9n danh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Don Foster: B\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Don Foster l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Vassar, nh\u01b0ng ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3817],"tags":[20792,20790,20791,20787,20785,20789,85,20788,20786],"class_list":["post-15613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-linguistics","tag-the-night-before-christmas","tag-jonbenet-ramsey","tag-olympics-bombing","tag-writing-style-analysis","tag-literary-forensics","tag-primary-colors","tag-shakespeare","tag-anonymous-authors","tag-author-identification"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15613","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15613"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15613\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15614,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15613\/revisions\/15614"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15613"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15613"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15613"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}