V\u00e0o n\u0103m 440 TCN, Herodotus, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa trong nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scythia, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh du m\u1ee5c \u00c1-\u00c2u. Nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Herodotus l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n sa nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e2u nay v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh nh\u1eefng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n
M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Science Advances cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c b\u00e1t g\u1ed7, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f2 than, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a trang 2.500 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai ph\u00eda t\u00e2y Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng l\u00f2 than n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft THC, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea7n sa.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia nghi l\u1ec5 t\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a trang Jirzankal c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fat c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, linh h\u1ed3n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t. Gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c l\u00f2 than v\u1edbi c\u00e1c khu ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3i c\u1ea7n sa, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng gian k\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n
Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u1ea7n sa. C\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 kho\u1ea3ng 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00ec h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 s\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i Jirzankal c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c THC th\u1ea5p, cho th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y v\u00ec hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Jirzankal c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1edbn v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa trong nghi l\u1ec5. Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u00fang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa s\u1edbm. Th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u00fang g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch y h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n trong th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n sa r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u1ea7n sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Jirzankal cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n sa c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n
Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Jirzankal cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Herodotus v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Scythia. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n sa c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 t\u1eeb ngh\u0129a trang 2.500 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i Ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a Herodotus v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1eadt l\u00fd V\u00e0o n\u0103m…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25316,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[18972,20839,15402,20840,88,97,1643,1797,2113,99,1727,20841,1281],"class_list":["post-15676","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-cannabis","tag-drug-use","tag-pharmacology","tag-funerary-rites","tag-archaeology","tag-science","tag-ancient-history","tag-history-of-science","tag-natural-products","tag-lifescienceart","tag-rituals","tag-prehistoric-cultures","tag-traditional-medicine"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15676"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25317,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15676\/revisions\/25317"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25316"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15676"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15676"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15676"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}