{"id":1571,"date":"2022-10-05T17:58:03","date_gmt":"2022-10-05T17:58:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1571"},"modified":"2022-10-05T17:58:03","modified_gmt":"2022-10-05T17:58:03","slug":"unveiling-inventions-deciphering-patent-illustrations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/history-of-science\/unveiling-inventions-deciphering-patent-illustrations\/","title":{"rendered":"Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e1t minh: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e1t minh: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 manh m\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u00e3 d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb tr\u00ed \u00f3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Marion Donovan. B\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u00e3 v\u1ea3i \u01b0\u1edbt s\u0169ng, Donovan \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh r\u00e8m ph\u00f2ng t\u1eafm c\u1ee7a c\u00f4. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc “thuy\u1ec1n” n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 Victor Mills c\u1ee7a Procter and Gamble, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Donovan, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Pampers v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e3, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf t\u00e3 v\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u1eeba ti\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n\n

X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1t minh th\u00f4ng qua H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh, \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u1ebd n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb gia d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf. M\u1ed7i h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, t\u00ednh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng Ph\u00e1t minh \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

Trong s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y trong b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  • \u0110i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i (Alexander Graham Bell):<\/strong> Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a giao ti\u1ebfp, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n
  • B\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n (Thomas Edison):<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Edison \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1y bay (Anh em nh\u00e0 Wright):<\/strong> Ph\u00e1t minh mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a anh em nh\u00e0 Wright \u0111\u00e3 chinh ph\u1ee5c b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n
  • \u00d4 t\u00f4 (Henry Ford):<\/strong> Chi\u1ebfc Model T c\u1ee7a Ford \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/li>\n
  • M\u00e1y t\u00ednh (Charles Babbage):<\/strong> C\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Babbage \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n

    \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Ph\u00e1t minh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh th\u00f4ng qua h\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ki\u00ean tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

    H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t minh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

    T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1t minh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n

    Khi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u v\u00e0o kho l\u01b0u tr\u1eef c\u1ee7a B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

    Trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 Ph\u00e1t minh: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 H\u00ecnh minh h\u1ecda B\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[3448,37,3447,1810,3454,3449,3451,3453,3450,3452],"class_list":["post-1571","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-national-museum-of-american-history","tag-innovation","tag-patent-illustrations","tag-inventions","tag-history-of-technology","tag-marion-donovan","tag-procter-and-gamble","tag-pampers","tag-disposable-diapers","tag-victor-mills"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1571"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1572,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1571\/revisions\/1572"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1571"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1571"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}