{"id":15789,"date":"2020-11-04T17:32:50","date_gmt":"2020-11-04T17:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15789"},"modified":"2020-11-04T17:32:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-04T17:32:50","slug":"mount-erebus-a-geological-marvel-of-antarctica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-sciences\/mount-erebus-a-geological-marvel-of-antarctica\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00fai Erebus: K\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai Erebus: K\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h2>\n\n

Nam C\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 b\u0103ng gi\u00e1, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 N\u00fai Erebus, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y. K\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y thu h\u00fat c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng si\u00eau th\u1ef1c, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 phun kh\u00ed kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 dung nham l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus<\/h2>\n\n

Hai b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p b\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 phun kh\u00ed. Nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra khi kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 dung nham th\u1ea5m qua c\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai l\u1eeda, l\u00e0m tan ch\u1ea3y l\u1edbp b\u0103ng tuy\u1ebft b\u00ean tr\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cao t\u1edbi 18 m\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ed3 dung nham c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 dung nham, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u00fai l\u1eeda kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khoang \u0111\u00e1 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1 r\u1eafn, dung nham c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus l\u1ed9 ra tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t. H\u1ed3 dung nham s\u00f4i s\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh s\u00e2u h\u00e0ng km v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1.700 \u0111\u1ed9 F, mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ebfm hoi v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tr\u00ean N\u00fai Erebus<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00fai Erebus l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb Tr\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u McMurdo c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3 theo d\u00f5i n\u00fai l\u1eeda t\u1eeb xa trong su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m, thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eang v\u00e0 t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u GPS c\u1ee7a n\u00fai l\u1eeda. Trong m\u00f9a th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba k\u00e9o d\u00e0i s\u00e1u tu\u1ea7n t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u00e1ng 11 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng 1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn N\u00fai Erebus \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

Nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia George Steinmetz \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 dung nham c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus trong m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m do Qu\u1ef9 Khoa h\u1ecdc Qu\u1ed1c gia t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Smithsonian, l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 N\u00fai Erebus kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro. Ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun tr\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong ng\u00e0y, phun ra nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 c\u1ea7u dung nham c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 3 m\u00e9t. Gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh, b\u00e3o tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn do tuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra, khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t trong tr\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00fai Erebus v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2007, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a N\u0103m \u0110\u1ecba c\u1ef1c Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c hang \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng c\u1ee7a N\u00fai Erebus \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5m \u00e1p kho\u1ea3ng 0 \u0111\u1ed9 C. Ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00fai Erebus l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00fai l\u1eeda li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m. Khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda phi th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i Nam C\u1ef1c.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fai Erebus: K\u1ef3 quan \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Nam C\u1ef1c Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Nam C\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 b\u0103ng gi\u00e1, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 N\u00fai Erebus, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai l\u1eeda ho\u1ea1t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[728],"tags":[207,20984,20983,564,97,721,99,6,568,252],"class_list":["post-15789","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-earth-sciences","tag-geology","tag-lava-lakes","tag-ice-caves","tag-exploration","tag-science","tag-antarctica","tag-lifescienceart","tag-photography","tag-volcanoes","tag-nature"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15790,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15789\/revisions\/15790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}