{"id":1581,"date":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1581"},"modified":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","modified_gmt":"2022-12-20T16:37:04","slug":"the-history-of-mechanical-refrigeration-dr-john-gorrie-and-the-ice-king","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/technology\/the-history-of-mechanical-refrigeration-dr-john-gorrie-and-the-ice-king\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John Gorrie v\u00e0 Vua b\u0103ng gi\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1800, m\u1ed9t doanh nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb \u1edf Boston t\u00ean l\u00e0 Frederic Tudor b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb New England \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi. Doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Tudor r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Vua b\u0103ng gi\u00e1”.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John Gorrie<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Apalachicola, Florida, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John Gorrie r\u1ea5t lo l\u1eafng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. Sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u00e0y m\u00f2, Gorrie \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1847.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n\n

Chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Gorrie \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5p ph\u1ea3i s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o. Tudor, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1edfi ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Gorrie, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf cho chi\u1ebfc m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1851, Gorrie v\u1eabn g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Frederic Tudor<\/h2>\n\n

Gorrie tin r\u1eb1ng Tudor ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng sau nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c Tudor s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng “nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c” \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gay g\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t, ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a Gorrie \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gorrie<\/h2>\n\n

Gorrie qua \u0111\u1eddi trong c\u1ea3nh ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1855. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0y nay, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng to l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap di chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong v\u1ec1 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i li\u00ean quan. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed5i m\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Gorrie \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh tinh vi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc: Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 John Gorrie v\u00e0 Vua b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc ra \u0111\u1eddi, con…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[999],"tags":[3474,3475,3472,3476,3473,3471],"class_list":["post-1581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology","tag-air-conditioning","tag-frederic-tudor","tag-mechanical-refrigeration","tag-history-of-refrigeration","tag-ice-machine","tag-dr-john-gorrie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1581"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1582,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1581\/revisions\/1582"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1581"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1581"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1581"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}