{"id":15811,"date":"2024-10-02T16:01:43","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:01:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15811"},"modified":"2024-10-02T16:01:43","modified_gmt":"2024-10-02T16:01:43","slug":"puerto-rico-a-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/puerto-rico-a-tapestry-of-history-and-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Puerto Rico: b\u1ee9c tranh th\u00eau d\u1ec7t n\u00ean t\u1eeb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Puerto Rico: B\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Puerto Rico b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1493, khi Christopher Columbus, nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 San Juan Bautista, s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa v\u1ec1 v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh Puerto Rico, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “c\u1ea3ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3”. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00ean San Juan. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Puerto Rico \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n

N\u01a1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha, Puerto Rico \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01a1i giao thoa c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 mang nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Ta\u00edno v\u00e0 Carib c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n \u1edf Puerto Rico v\u1eabn mang t\u00ean Ta\u00edno, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Utuado, Mayag\u00fcez v\u00e0 Caguas.<\/p>\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1edd Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, H\u00e0 Lan v\u00e0 Anh \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chinh ph\u1ee5c Puerto Rico, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn Chi\u1ebfn tranh T\u00e2y Ban Nha-Hoa K\u1ef3 n\u0103m 1898. C\u00e1c l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 theo Hi\u1ec7p \u01b0\u1edbc Paris, T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i Puerto Rico cho Hoa K\u1ef3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Cuba, Philippines v\u00e0 Guam.<\/p>\n\n

Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Puerto Rico \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a. Operation Bootstrap, m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty Hoa K\u1ef3 b\u1eb1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt thu\u1ebf \u01b0u \u0111\u00e3i. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf Puerto Rico, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1917, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Puerto Rico \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952, h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ti\u1ec3u bang, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 mua 2\/3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n. H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e9m bom trong g\u1ea7n 60 n\u0103m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn n\u00e9m bom \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2003. Ng\u00e0y nay, nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh khu b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hoang d\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef<\/h2>\n\n

Ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Puerto Rico, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Hoa K\u1ef3. \u0110\u00f4 la M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Puerto Rico \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn du l\u1ecbch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e3i bi\u1ec3n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u1eefng khu r\u1eebng m\u01b0a t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Puerto Rico \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 giao thoa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, Puerto Rico ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Puerto Rico: B\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 di s\u1ea3n S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u L\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a Puerto Rico b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1493, khi Christopher…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24505,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4036,305,27,2855,5985,3350,21009,116,21010,63],"class_list":["post-15811","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-heritage","tag-tourism","tag-history","tag-manufacturing","tag-pharmaceuticals","tag-puerto-rico","tag-spanish-colony","tag-diversity","tag-u-s-commonwealth","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15811"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24506,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15811\/revisions\/24506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}