{"id":15865,"date":"2020-09-19T19:16:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-19T19:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15865"},"modified":"2020-09-19T19:16:12","modified_gmt":"2020-09-19T19:16:12","slug":"wildfires-human-problem-devastating-consequences","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/ecology\/wildfires-human-problem-devastating-consequences\/","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng: Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng: V\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i. Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do s\u00e9t \u0111\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1. Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00f3, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 l\u1ea1i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 90% c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u1edf C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone n\u0103m 1988<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia Yellowstone v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1988. V\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y \u0111\u00e3 thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i h\u01a1n 1,2 tri\u1ec7u m\u1eabu Anh, ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y h\u01a1n 1.000 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y ra v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u1edf Yellowstone n\u0103m 1988 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia. Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft m\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y n\u0103m 1988 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa d\u1eadp l\u1eeda v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u sinh th\u00e1i<\/h2>\n\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y n\u0103m 1988, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m l\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. Hi\u1ec7n h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p d\u1eadp t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, l\u00e0m suy tho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh th\u00e1i. Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecdn s\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ebft, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sau khi x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i c\u00e0ng s\u1edbm c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i sau ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc sau:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eeda tr\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi.<\/li>\n<li>C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u1edbi t\u00e0n thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<li>B\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi kh\u1ea3 nghi cho ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng t\u1ea7n su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng: V\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y ra v\u1edbi h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng Ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[847,21086,3931,21087,640],"class_list":["post-15865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-ecosystem-restoration","tag-environmental-consequences","tag-wildfires","tag-fire-management","tag-human-impact"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15865"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15865\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15866,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15865\/revisions\/15866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}