{"id":15872,"date":"2024-08-10T01:33:35","date_gmt":"2024-08-10T01:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15872"},"modified":"2024-08-10T01:33:35","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T01:33:35","slug":"how-old-is-the-earth-a-scientific-exploration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/how-old-is-the-earth-a-scientific-exploration\/","title":{"rendered":"Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i? H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh tinh ch\u00fang ta"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 4,54 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00ecm \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf zircon \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y \u00dac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1<\/h2>\n\n<p>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 cacbon-14 v\u00e0 urani, th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 cha so v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 con, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng cacbon-14<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng cacbon-14 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn kho\u1ea3ng 50.000 n\u0103m. K\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb cacbon-14 so v\u1edbi cacbon-12 trong v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u. Khi cacbon-14 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh nit\u01a1-14 v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 cacbon-14 so v\u1edbi cacbon-12 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng urani-ch\u00ec<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0110\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng urani-ch\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 kho\u00e1ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a urani. Urani-238 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 th\u00e0nh ch\u00ec-206 \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 urani-238 so v\u1edbi ch\u00ec-206, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<p>D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u00e1 zircon c\u1ed5 t\u1eeb \u00dac, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 4,374 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n gi\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch:<\/strong> Thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u h\u00e0nh tinh kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean th\u1ea1ch, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u1eabu v\u1eadt tr\u00ean M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng:<\/strong> C\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng trong c\u00e1c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Apollo \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y M\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 4,51 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ec9nh<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tinh ch\u1ec9nh \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi c\u00f3 th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tinh ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau tu\u1ed5i? X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tinh C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 4,54 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":24030,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[207,21093,21094,572,210,21091,21092],"class_list":["post-15872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-geology","tag-carbon-14-dating","tag-uranium-lead-dating","tag-earth-science","tag-plate-tectonics","tag-radiometric-dating","tag-zircon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15872"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15873,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15872\/revisions\/15873"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}