{"id":15890,"date":"2020-03-15T13:48:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-15T13:48:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15890"},"modified":"2020-03-15T13:48:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-15T13:48:30","slug":"climate-change-extinction-woolly-rhinoceros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/natural-history\/climate-change-extinction-woolly-rhinoceros\/","title":{"rendered":"Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u0103n b\u1eaft, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng: B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u0103n b\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n\n

T\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn, m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a K\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 lang thang tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t trong h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0103n c\u1ecf kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00ea gi\u00e1c tr\u1eafng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc \u00c2u \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Siberia. C\u1eb7p s\u1eebng cong \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u1ecfng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 dao so v\u1edbi s\u1eebng c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n sinh t\u1ed3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e9t tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng<\/h2>\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 14.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 quy s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y cho “gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c”, cho r\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb di truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 gen ty th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a 14 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t em b\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbp x\u00e1c v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1eeb d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fa ch\u00f3 con th\u1eddi K\u1ef7 b\u0103ng h\u00e0. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn huy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn v\u1eabn \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 18.500 \u0111\u1ebfn 14.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00ed h\u1eadu quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e1n b\u0103ng B\u00f8lling-Aller\u00f8d. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5m l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1ea3ng b\u0103ng tan ch\u1ea3y \u1ed3 \u1ea1t, l\u00e0m m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng cao th\u00eam kho\u1ea3ng 50 feet. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a gia t\u0103ng do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, khi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00edt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy\u1ebft r\u01a1i d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u1ecf m\u00e0 t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u1ea5m l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e1i th\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y b\u1ee5i v\u00e0 r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u00eam ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ee9c \u0103n c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

S\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o trong s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 4.500 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu. S\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c do bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu \u0111\u1eb7t ra ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

D\u1eef li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch trong nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu v\u1eadt g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n v\u1edbi DNA ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra nh\u1eefng thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i t\u00ea gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng di truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh th\u00e1i h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u0103n b\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd v\u1ef1c tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng T\u00ea gi\u00e1c l\u00f4ng m\u1ecbn t\u1eebng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00ea…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[34,137,188,21107,400],"class_list":["post-15890","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-natural-history","tag-climate-change","tag-paleontology","tag-genetics","tag-woolly-rhinoceros","tag-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15890","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15890"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15890\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15891,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15890\/revisions\/15891"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15890"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}