{"id":15977,"date":"2023-06-26T08:18:38","date_gmt":"2023-06-26T08:18:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=15977"},"modified":"2023-06-26T08:18:38","modified_gmt":"2023-06-26T08:18:38","slug":"the-little-ice-age-a-time-of-extreme-winters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/climate-science\/the-little-ice-age-a-time-of-extreme-winters\/","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng gi\u00e1 Ti\u1ec3u b\u0103ng h\u00e0: M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt H\u00e0 Lan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt H\u00e0 Lan<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh mang t\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng H\u00e0 Lan l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng con k\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda trong c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a Hendrick Avercamp, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 H\u00e0 Lan s\u1ed1ng trong Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. C\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ee7a Avercamp mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t b\u0103ng, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, bao g\u1ed3m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong lu\u1ed3ng tia. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi ph\u00e1t ra v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian trong m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 11 n\u0103m. Khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi y\u1ebfu, Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n t\u1eeb M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n\n

Lu\u1ed3ng tia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng gi\u00f3 tr\u00ean t\u1ea7ng cao ch\u1ea3y t\u1eeb t\u00e2y sang \u0111\u00f4ng qua B\u1eafc b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb ph\u00eda b\u1eafc v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea5m t\u1eeb ph\u00eda nam. Trong Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, lu\u1ed3ng tia tr\u1edf n\u00ean “b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7n” h\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef “S” tr\u00ean B\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ea1nh t\u1eeb B\u1eafc C\u1ef1c tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u00e0i h\u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u00eanh r\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3ng b\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng m\u1ea5t m\u00f9a tr\u00ean di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft v\u00ec l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n canh t\u00e1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u0103ng v\u00e0 xe tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tuy\u1ebft. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nh\u01b0 Avercamp \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ng\u00e0y nay<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf: Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[284],"tags":[34,21224,97,21223,27,9,7395],"class_list":["post-15977","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-climate-science","tag-climate-change","tag-hendrick-avercamp","tag-science","tag-little-ice-age","tag-history","tag-art","tag-dutch-art"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15978,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15977\/revisions\/15978"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}