{"id":1600,"date":"2021-02-27T17:54:52","date_gmt":"2021-02-27T17:54:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1600"},"modified":"2021-02-27T17:54:52","modified_gmt":"2021-02-27T17:54:52","slug":"rediscovering-lost-art-medieval-blue-ink","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/art-conservation\/rediscovering-lost-art-medieval-blue-ink\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u1ef1c xanh th\u1eddi Trung C\u1ed5: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nay t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ef1c xanh th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5: T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 folium \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00e1c trang b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y Chrozophora tinctoria, s\u1eafc xanh th\u1eabm c\u1ee7a folium \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt b\u1ecb l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 folium<\/h2>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft tay v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh h\u1ed3i sinh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u1ef1c folium \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t. Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5, bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 cung c\u1ea5p h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh Chrozophora tinctoria l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a folium. Lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eadu, khi ch\u00edn chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1eadm. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f9a h\u00e8 \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5, nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ng\u00e2m nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1i trong h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p methanol v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd khu\u1ea5y c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng h\u1ea1t, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1edbt. Sau hai gi\u1edd, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1eafc t\u1ed1<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc k\u00fd, ph\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a folium. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u xanh lam \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 chrozophoridin.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00e0u xanh lam kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00e0u xanh lam c\u1ee7a folium kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c nhu\u1ed9m m\u00e0u xanh lam l\u00e2u b\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ch\u00e0m v\u00e0 anthocyanin. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ed5. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c folium c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a folium, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c ch\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ef1c folium l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed3i sinh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ef1c xanh th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5: T\u00e1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t S\u1eafc t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ef1c xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3501],"tags":[218,2156,3500],"class_list":["post-1600","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-art-conservation","tag-chemistry","tag-medieval-art","tag-pigment-analysis"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1600"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1601,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1600\/revisions\/1601"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1600"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1600"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1600"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}