{"id":16003,"date":"2020-11-13T16:11:44","date_gmt":"2020-11-13T16:11:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16003"},"modified":"2020-11-13T16:11:44","modified_gmt":"2020-11-13T16:11:44","slug":"the-etymology-of-english-and-irish-surnames-a-journey-into-the-past","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/culture-and-history\/the-etymology-of-english-and-irish-surnames-a-journey-into-the-past\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian<\/h2>\n\n

H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u1edf Bristol \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 45.000 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ireland. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n: T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh Oxford \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ireland.<\/p>\n\n

Kho t\u00e0ng h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean, m\u1ed7i h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec3. T\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 Smith hay Shepherd \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Campbell hay Hislop, cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

Truy t\u00ecm g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n theo d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11. C\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u tra d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd nh\u00e0 th\u1edd v\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong su\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/h2>\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean minh ch\u1ee9ng cho \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 Leicester hay Taylor g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ch\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1 th\u00fa v\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n\n

Campbell: M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ecd Campbell l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Latinh “de campo bello” (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p”), nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi cho th\u1ea5y ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Gael c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “mi\u1ec7ng l\u1ec7ch”.<\/p>\n\n

Hislop: M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Scotland<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1i t\u00ean Hislop, t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Scotland. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Anh trung \u0111\u1ea1i “hasel” (c\u00e2y ph\u1ec9) v\u00e0 “hop” (m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng kh\u00e9p k\u00edn s\u00e2u), v\u1ebd n\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh quan n\u01a1i n\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng 90% trong s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ireland, trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba danh chi\u1ebfm 50% v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfm 23%. \u0110\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 19% b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb bi\u1ec7t danh, trong khi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 8%.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, h\u1ecd L\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong khi h\u1ecd Patel c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0 Samuel Lambshead, thu\u1ed9c H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, l\u01b0u \u00fd: “Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta.”<\/p>\n\n

H\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean: M\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ed1ng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean gia \u0111\u00ecnh Oxford \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0 Ireland cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian H\u00e9 l\u1ed9 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00ean Anh v\u00e0 Ireland \u0110i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u1ee9c tranh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1187],"tags":[18916,21268,2622,5797,21267,21066],"class_list":["post-16003","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture-and-history","tag-british","tag-irish","tag-language","tag-etymology","tag-surnames","tag-family-history"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16003","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16003"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16003\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16004,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16003\/revisions\/16004"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16003"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16003"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16003"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}