Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Buggery n\u0103m 1533 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t, nh\u01b0ng nam gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb truy t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t v\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1967, \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt T\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 phi h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a h\u00e0nh vi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf n\u01a1i ri\u00eang t\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng LGBTQ+, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh b\u1ecb k\u1ebft \u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 2016, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u1eefa. D\u1ef1 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a Alan Turing, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ti\u00ean phong b\u1ecb truy t\u1ed1 v\u00ec “h\u00e0nh vi khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng” v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1952 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u00e2n x\u00e1 sau khi ch\u1ebft cho h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh do lo ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd x\u00f3a t\u1ed9i cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, theo \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin \u00e2n x\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng LGBT \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb “\u00e2n x\u00e1” trong \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ee7 xa \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1ed7i v\u00ec h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n
John Sharkey, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh r\u1eb1ng 15.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, chi\u1ebfm h\u01a1n 23% trong s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh 65.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau b\u1eadt cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng LGBTQ+ v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. \u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Alan Turing v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cho khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng LGBTQ+.<\/p>\n\n
Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 v\u00e0 Anh nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed LGBTQ+, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Stonewall Inn \u1edf New York v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Oscar Wilde \u1edf London. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1edbi \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai qu\u1ed1c gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng LGBTQ+.<\/p>\n\n
\u0110\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt Turing \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa mong mu\u1ed1n \u00e2n x\u00e1 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tha b\u1ed5ng. S\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin \u00e2n x\u00e1, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb1m c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c \u00e2n x\u00e1 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21280],"tags":[527,4115,4387,5159,21279,19608],"class_list":["post-16013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-lgbtq-rights","tag-social-justice","tag-historical-injustice","tag-lgbtq","tag-lgbtq-history","tag-uk-parliament","tag-gay-rights"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16013"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16014,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16013\/revisions\/16014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}