{"id":16019,"date":"2024-07-18T04:49:33","date_gmt":"2024-07-18T04:49:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16019"},"modified":"2024-07-18T04:49:33","modified_gmt":"2024-07-18T04:49:33","slug":"orkney-sovereignty-and-the-scottish-independence-referendum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/history-and-culture\/orkney-sovereignty-and-the-scottish-independence-referendum\/","title":{"rendered":"Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Orkney<\/h2>\n\n

Orkney, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o ngo\u00e0i kh\u01a1i b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Scotland, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Trong h\u01a1n 5.000 n\u0103m, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ai cai qu\u1ea3n Orkney v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, Orkney l\u00e0 n\u01a1i t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Stonehenge \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t, minh ch\u1ee9ng cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong khu v\u1ef1c. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a Orkney c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Viking B\u1eafc \u00c2u, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua Na Uy v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Scotland \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 2014, Scotland \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hay v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh. Cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2m ng\u00f2i cho cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn d\u1eef d\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf Scotland m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1edf Orkney, n\u01a1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 dai d\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed9t phi\u1ebfu “c\u00f3” trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney. Khi Scotland \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n trong V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1997, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Orkney th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb thu h\u1eb9p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 cho Orkney, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Orkney \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u1edf Edinburgh v\u00e0 London \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Steven Heddle \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng Orkney c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Scotland v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd trao nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n h\u01a1n cho Orkney. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Scotland \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp s\u1ebd trao cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 B\u1eafc \u00c2u c\u1ee7a Orkney v\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn thay th\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Scotland v\u00e0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ch\u00ednh cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Orkney, nh\u01b0ng Na Uy v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec s\u1ee9c h\u00fat m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Orkney c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc B\u1eafc \u00c2u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc Scotland \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00fac l\u1ee3i theo phong c\u00e1ch B\u1eafc \u00c2u, n\u01a1i s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p Orkney tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Orkney bao g\u1ed3m Qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Faroe ho\u1eb7c \u00c5land, hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t thu\u1ed9c \u0110an M\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n Lan v\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai \u1edf Orkney c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland \u1edf Orkney<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland \u1edf Orkney l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd trao cho h\u1ecd quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ri\u00eang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Orkney kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 \u1edf London.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Orkney kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u1edbn h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a Orkney, nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Orkney s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Orkney: G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Scotland L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9c…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23900,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1176],"tags":[21285,21286,27,21283,21284,63],"class_list":["post-16019","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-and-culture","tag-sovereignty","tag-nordic-connections","tag-history","tag-orkney","tag-scottish-independence","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16019"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16020,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16019\/revisions\/16020"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16019"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16019"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16019"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}