{"id":1602,"date":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","date_gmt":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1602"},"modified":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","modified_gmt":"2023-02-19T23:01:51","slug":"neanderthal-cave-paintings-challenge-origins-of-art","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/neanderthal-cave-paintings-challenge-origins-of-art\/","title":{"rendered":"Tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal?<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ni\u1ec1m tin l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9t ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh Alistair Pike cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Pike t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed9t hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf T\u00e2y Ban Nha. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 40.800 n\u0103m, tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o Iberia. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n

Danh s\u00e1ch ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00e0i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00c2m nh\u1ea1c:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal s\u1edf h\u1eefu d\u00e2y thanh qu\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n

\u54c0\u60bc:<\/strong> Voi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 than kh\u00f3c, cho th\u1ea5y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, t\u1eeb qu\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tinh tinh \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00e1i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1ch tu\u1ed9c, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng<\/h2>\n\n

N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ebd? Li\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3\u6fc0\u53d1s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? Hay h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3?<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Pike cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn t\u1ecf ra\u6000\u7591. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal l\u1ea1i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng coi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tranh hang \u0111\u1ed9ng: Ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Neanderthal v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 duy nh\u1ea5t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[3503,104,1019,487,3502],"class_list":["post-1602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-cognitive-archaeology","tag-art-history","tag-neanderthals","tag-human-evolution","tag-cave-paintings"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1602"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1603,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1602\/revisions\/1603"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1602"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1602"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1602"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}