{"id":16134,"date":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16134"},"modified":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","modified_gmt":"2020-11-09T09:55:43","slug":"ancient-caffeine-trade-routes-uncovered-in-pottery-shards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/archaeology\/ancient-caffeine-trade-routes-uncovered-in-pottery-shards\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c caffeine: C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n caffeine th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u01a1n th\u00e8m caffeine<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n caffeine th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 \u1edf T\u00e2y Nam ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 caffeine c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 1.000 n\u0103m. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a caffeine, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng caffeine c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 caffeine kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u: Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a caffeine<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Patricia Crown, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m tra c\u1eb7n caffeine tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb 177 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Mexico. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec1n ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t. Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1eafc k\u00fd l\u1ecfng gh\u00e9p n\u1ed1i kh\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a caffeine, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n: Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng “\u0110en”<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c: 40 m\u1eabu trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a caffeine. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng s\u00f4 c\u00f4 la l\u00e0m t\u1eeb ca cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e2y nh\u1ef1a ru\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng \u0111en”, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Nam. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i, bao g\u1ed3m \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Hoa K\u1ef3, Mexico v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc: Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc Janine Gasco nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang “c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 th\u00eam l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y”. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a caffeine trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m kh\u00e1c nhau ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5, cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Caffeine trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e0 ph\u00ea ng\u00e0y nay, caffeine v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c. Crown v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 caffeine \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i du l\u1ecbch ho\u1eb7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 m\u1edbi v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i: K\u1ebft n\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft caffeine trong \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf Trung B\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ea1t ca cao, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Trung v\u00e0 Nam M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y nh\u1ef1a ru\u1ed3i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam Hoa K\u1ef3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y Nam, cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i d\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5: Caffeine trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 caffeine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft caffeine tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nghi l\u1ec5 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ee7a caffeine c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: Ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Caffeine<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m m\u00e0 caffeine \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, trong khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 ra c\u00e1ch u\u1ed1ng chung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1ed1ng h\u00fat, v\u00e1 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh vai tr\u00f2 \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a caffeine trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i T\u00e2y Nam th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft caffeine trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh g\u1ed1m t\u1eeb T\u00e2y Nam \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba M\u1ef9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng caffeine c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5 ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a caffeine trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Trung B\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 th\u1eddi s\u01a1 khai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u01a1n th\u00e8m caffeine B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc h\u00e9 l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n caffeine th\u1eddi c\u1ed5…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[3616,88,1770,316,132,7193,4952,21408],"class_list":["post-16134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-caffeine","tag-archaeology","tag-cultural-history","tag-native-americans","tag-anthropology","tag-pottery-analysis","tag-mesoamerica","tag-trade-routes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16134"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16135,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16134\/revisions\/16135"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}