{"id":16138,"date":"2023-01-23T22:38:50","date_gmt":"2023-01-23T22:38:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16138"},"modified":"2023-01-23T22:38:50","modified_gmt":"2023-01-23T22:38:50","slug":"historic-preservation-in-the-early-united-states","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/uncategorized\/historic-preservation-in-the-early-united-states\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y tranh c\u00e3i \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00ean b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u01b0u ti\u00ean t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u1ebd ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng. H\u1ecd l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u00fang, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n<\/h2>\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u1edbi l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea5t xem c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1 d\u1ee1 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1edbi. Cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t gi\u1eefa l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trung t\u00e2m trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a hai ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau c\u1ee7a hai ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed minh h\u1ecda cho s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y. Khu \u0111i\u1ec1n trang Mount Vernon c\u1ee7a George Washington \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef Mount Vernon b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a John Hancock \u1edf Boston \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1863 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ph\u1ed1 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n m\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng di d\u1eddi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Thomas Commuck, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng Narragansett \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n trang tr\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, n\u00eau b\u1eadt nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n

Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, c\u0169ng tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Peyton Stewart, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi t\u1ef1 do s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Boston, \u0111\u00e3 tham v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00e3i n\u00f4 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Benjamin Franklin. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Stewart v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tu ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 “b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n” \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd trong c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. S\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa \u00fd, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 chu\u1ed3ng b\u00f2, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh l\u1edbn. Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n khu \u0111i\u1ec1n trang Ashland c\u1ee7a Henry Clay, n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 c\u0169. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xem x\u00e9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3: L\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[712,89,21411,21410,21414,21413,21412],"class_list":["post-16138","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-historic-preservation","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-national-landmarks","tag-early-united-states","tag-marginalized-voices","tag-private-interest","tag-public-good"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16138","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16138"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16138\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16139,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16138\/revisions\/16139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16138"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16138"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16138"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}