{"id":16323,"date":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16323"},"modified":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T06:21:47","slug":"polydactyly-in-chaco-canyon-a-revered-trait-among-the-ancestral-puebloans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/polydactyly-in-chaco-canyon-a-revered-trait-among-the-ancestral-puebloans\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110a ng\u00f3n \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco: \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110a ng\u00f3n \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco<\/h2>\n\n

H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 b\u00ed \u1ea9n \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y b\u1eafc New Mexico, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t canh t\u00e1c, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a Pueblo th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 800 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00eam ng\u00f3n tay ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111a ng\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110a ng\u00f3n: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc Patricia Crown ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111a ng\u00f3n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u00e0y nay. Ba trong s\u1ed1 96 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m tra t\u1eeb Pueblo Bonito, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u1ebbm n\u00fai, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba \u1edf b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i. T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 3,1% n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111a ng\u00f3n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 0,2%.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a nghi l\u1ec5<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111a ng\u00f3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t trong ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng nghi l\u1ec5, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc v\u00f2ng \u0111eo ch\u00e2n tinh x\u1ea3o \u1edf m\u1eaft c\u00e1 ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Pueblo.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110a ng\u00f3n ngo\u00e0i H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 say m\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111a ng\u00f3n \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra ngo\u00e0i H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Maureen Hirthler v\u00e0 b\u00e1c s\u0129 ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt b\u00e0n tay Richard Hutchison \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n \u0111a ng\u00f3n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp khu v\u1ef1c Four Corners \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y nam, bao g\u1ed3m Sand Canyon, Colorado; Tapia del Cerrito, Arizona; Sedona, Arizona; Lewis Canyon, Texas; v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf New Mexico v\u00e0 Utah.<\/p>\n\n

Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

Kerriann Marden, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc sinh h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Eastern New Mexico, suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111a ng\u00f3n cao \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco. Khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ecf urani, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nguy hi\u1ec3m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 mang thai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111a ng\u00f3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 coi nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb t\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ng\u00f3n tay ho\u1eb7c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u1ecdc lam<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u1ecdc lam, m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 xung quanh \u0111a ng\u00f3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n th\u1eeba th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111eo \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc lam v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc lam li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdc lam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111a ng\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110a ng\u00f3n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9<\/h2>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111a ng\u00f3n \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n h\u00f3a, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 b\u00ed \u1ea9n n\u00e0y.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110a ng\u00f3n \u1edf H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco: M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Pueblo c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i B\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco H\u1ebbm n\u00fai Chaco, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[21650,21649,7219,88,1727,21651,15865,21648],"class_list":["post-16323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-polydactyly","tag-environmental-influences","tag-chaco-canyon","tag-archaeology","tag-rituals","tag-turquoise","tag-ancestral-puebloans","tag-cultural-practices"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16323"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16324,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16323\/revisions\/16324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}