{"id":16352,"date":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","date_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16352"},"modified":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","modified_gmt":"2024-07-10T18:26:51","slug":"cannibalism-a-historical-perspective","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/anthropology\/cannibalism-a-historical-perspective\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sinh t\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t nghi l\u1ec5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 sinh t\u1ed3n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c khi b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t gi\u1eefa thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean hoang d\u00e3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0110o\u00e0n Donner, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u00ean phong ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t \u1edf d\u00e3y n\u00fai Sierra Nevada v\u00e0o m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng n\u0103m 1846-47. Sau khi c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi l\u1ec5 v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111e d\u1ecda<\/h2>\n\n

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111e d\u1ecda, c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn binh \u0103n th\u1ecbt k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gieo r\u1eafc n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Colorado: Alferd Packer<\/h2>\n\n

Alferd Packer, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi Colorado, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng v\u00e0o v\u00f9ng hoang d\u00e3 Colorado v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1874. Khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng m\u1ea5t t\u00edch, Packer tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cho th\u1ea5y Packer \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0103n th\u1ecbt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Boone Helm: K\u1ebb \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean n\u00fai<\/h2>\n\n

Boone Helm l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ednh bi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh vi \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong hai chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean n\u00fai. \u00d4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh khi th\u1ee9c \u0103n tr\u1edf n\u00ean khan hi\u1ebfm.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Trong Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, binh l\u00ednh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb c\u00e1o bu\u1ed9c \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf m\u1eb7t tr\u1eadn Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. Trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m binh l\u00ednh Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7u hai phi c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 \u0103n th\u1ecbt h\u1ecd. V\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

\u1ede h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1n lu\u00e2n v\u1edbi x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebft c\u1eaft ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng dao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u di truy\u1ec1n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/h2>\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u00e0 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea5m k\u1ef5, vi ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n

K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u00f3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do, t\u1eeb sinh t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn nghi l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 \u0111e d\u1ecda. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u00e0 tranh lu\u1eadn trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111en t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0103n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0102n th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ecbt ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23820,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[5793,6261,1280,27,1727,132,1839,63],"class_list":["post-16352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-cannibalism","tag-taboo","tag-ethics","tag-history","tag-rituals","tag-anthropology","tag-survival","tag-culture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16352"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16353,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16352\/revisions\/16353"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16352"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16352"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16352"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}