{"id":16472,"date":"2026-01-21T15:12:41","date_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:12:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16472"},"modified":"2026-01-21T15:12:41","modified_gmt":"2026-01-21T15:12:41","slug":"landsat-mission-40-years-earth-observation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/earth-science\/landsat-mission-40-years-earth-observation\/","title":{"rendered":"Landsat 8: 40 n\u0103m s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t qua t\u1eebng pixel"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat c\u1ee7a NASA: 40 n\u0103m quan s\u00e1t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3n ghi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u1ea3n ghi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1972, c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00e0nh tinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u1ec7 tinh m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t trong chu\u1ed7i Landsat, Landsat 8, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2013 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Landsat 8 mang theo c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, cho ph\u00e9p gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landsat 8: S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Landsat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Landsat 8, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Landsat, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u1edbn quay quanh Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 cao kho\u1ea3ng 700 km. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng 185 km, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 7.000 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed7i b\u0103ng t\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n<p>Landsat 8 thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat 5 v\u00e0 Landsat 7 \u0111\u00e3 c\u0169, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Landsat 5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 g\u1ea7n ba th\u1eadp k\u1ef7, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ba n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Theo d\u00f5i nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 r\u1eebng<\/li>\n<li>Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb h\u00f3a<\/li>\n<li>N\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng<\/li>\n<li>Th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, b\u00e3o)<\/li>\n<li>T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu (v\u00ed d\u1ee5: b\u0103ng tan, m\u1ef1c n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2ng)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>D\u1eef li\u1ec7u Landsat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, khan hi\u1ebfm n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3n ghi Landsat<\/h2>\n\n<p>M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3n ghi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u Landsat s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m 1993, v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat 6 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o, g\u00e2y ra kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3n ghi. M\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu Landsat 8 g\u1eb7p tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu v\u1ec7 tinh thay th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Landsat: Ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n<p>B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Landsat c\u00f2n chinh ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n Hoa K\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng tem d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p t\u1eeb v\u1ec7 tinh Landsat. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Landsat c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1eb1m n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u00f3ng Landsat 8 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/h2>\n\n<p>Landsat 8 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n c\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n Vandenberg, California v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 11 th\u00e1ng 2 n\u0103m 2013 l\u00fac 10 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng PST (1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u EST). B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat tr\u00ean Twitter ho\u1eb7c xem bu\u1ed5i ph\u00f3ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean trang web c\u1ee7a NASA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Landsat<\/h2>\n\n<p>S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng h\u00f3a hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00e0ng \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i qua. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u Landsat \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng \u1edf r\u1eebng r\u1eadm Amazon, s\u1ef1 r\u00fat lui c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng b\u0103ng \u1edf Nam C\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Khi Landsat 8 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat c\u1ee7a NASA: 40 n\u0103m quan s\u00e1t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t B\u1ea3n ghi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t S\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh Landsat c\u1ee7a NASA \u0111\u00e3 cung&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":25218,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[212],"tags":[34,890,21805,21804,99,876,8012,282,1945,2046,1557],"class_list":["post-16472","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-science","tag-climate-change","tag-environmental-monitoring","tag-land-use-change","tag-landsat","tag-lifescienceart","tag-deforestation","tag-earth-observation","tag-water-resources","tag-natural-disasters","tag-urbanization","tag-remote-sensing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16472","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16472"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16472\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25219,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16472\/revisions\/25219"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16472"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16472"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16472"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}