{"id":1657,"date":"2020-02-08T18:29:29","date_gmt":"2020-02-08T18:29:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1657"},"modified":"2020-02-08T18:29:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-08T18:29:29","slug":"the-falklands-wolf-darwins-mystery-solved","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/the-falklands-wolf-darwins-mystery-solved\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f3i Falkland: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Darwin"},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00f3i Falkland: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Darwin<\/h2>\n\n

Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Darwin<\/h2>\n\n

Trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Charles Darwin \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u1edf qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Falkland – m\u1ed9t “lo\u00e0i c\u00e1o l\u1edbn gi\u1ed1ng s\u00f3i” kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Darwin nh\u1eadn ra t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a s\u00f3i Falkland<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng s\u00f3i Falkland ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. D\u00e2n s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c du nh\u1eadp lo\u00e0i c\u1eebu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Darwin \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 tuy\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1876.<\/p>\n\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Darwin, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a s\u00f3i Falkland. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch xu\u1ea5t DNA t\u1eeb c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 m\u1eabu v\u1eadt do ch\u00ednh Darwin thu th\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u00e0i<\/h2>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh DNA c\u1ee7a s\u00f3i Falkland v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 s\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u00e0i. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u00f3i Falkland t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 70.000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2y ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng s\u00f3i Falkland \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o k\u1ef7 Pleistocen. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con s\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u00ean b\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c b\u0103ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u00f4ng b\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n

Th\u00f3i quen \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<\/h2>\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o, lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i Falkland \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Do kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u00fa tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u0103n b\u1eaft chim c\u00e1nh c\u1ee5t, ng\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ch\u00e2n m\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u00f3i b\u1eddm<\/h2>\n\n

Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u00e1t sinh lo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd gi\u1eefa s\u00f3i Falkland v\u00e0 s\u00f3i b\u1eddm. Hai lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 6 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u1edf Nam M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n m\u1edbi. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u00f3i Falkland v\u00e0 s\u00f3i b\u1eddm t\u00e1ch ra. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y trong hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng do Darwin v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i Falkland. Nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu v\u1eadt n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch DNA, cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

B\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i s\u00f3i Falkland l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ed \u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u00f3i b\u1eddm v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p. C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

S\u00f3i Falkland: Gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 b\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a Darwin Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Darwin Trong chuy\u1ebfn h\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Charles Darwin \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ch\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[3587,3589,514,3586,141,613,3588,136,400],"class_list":["post-1657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-canids","tag-maned-wolf","tag-darwin","tag-falklands-wolf","tag-natural-history","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-phylogenetics","tag-evolution","tag-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1657"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1657\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1658,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1657\/revisions\/1658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1657"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}