{"id":166,"date":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","date_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=166"},"modified":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-25T16:41:48","slug":"japanese-sailors-and-the-currents-of-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/history-of-science\/japanese-sailors-and-the-currents-of-history\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio: C\u00e1nh c\u1eeda Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio: C\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio tr\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng \u0110en, \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 phai m\u1edd trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 6.300 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 phun tr\u00e0o n\u00fai l\u1eeda th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Kikai \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba Jomon ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1edbi. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y gian nan qua Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn Ecuador, Trung M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 B\u1eafc M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c m\u1ea3nh v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, DNA v\u00e0 vi-r\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Jomon \u0111\u00e3 mang theo nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c v\u0103n h\u00f3a, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u tr\u00ean qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Hawaii<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00e1c con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio \u0111\u1ea9y kh\u1ecfi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1eafc c\u1ea1n. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1260 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Maui, Hawaii.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Wakalana ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n, v\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c Hawaii. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i Hawaii, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ed3 g\u1ed1m, k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a v\u00e0 gia c\u00f4ng kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

\u1ea2nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u1edf Oregon, Washington v\u00e0 New Mexico. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1ed9 l\u00ean B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 14, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Zuni \u1edf New Mexico. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Zuni s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t h\u1ecd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Pueblo kh\u00e1c, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 cho gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

Hy\u014dry\u014d: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i bi\u1ec3n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t qua Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y. Nh\u1eefng con t\u00e0u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hy\u014dry\u014d, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1edf theo th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n, th\u1ee3 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u hy\u014dry\u014d \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t sau nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y hi\u1ec3m nguy v\u00e0 c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd. H\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 du nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0o ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

Con t\u00e0u Tokujo Maru v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1813, t\u00e0u bu\u1ed3m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Tokujo Maru b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio cu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t trong h\u01a1n 500 ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t con t\u00e0u c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n

Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u Tokujo Maru, Jukichi, \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ed m\u1eadt ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eadt k\u00fd v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eadt k\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho chuy\u1ebfn th\u00e1m hi\u1ec3m Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed1c Matthew Perry v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1854, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edf c\u1eeda giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio<\/h2>\n\n

D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a V\u00e0nh \u0111ai Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh D\u01b0\u01a1ng. D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7, ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u \u0111i kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c di c\u01b0 th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm t\u00e0u \u1edf ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio: C\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9 D\u00f2ng h\u1ea3i l\u01b0u Kuroshio tr\u00ean Th\u00e1i B\u00ecnh…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[480,112,88,27,132,478,479,477],"class_list":["post-166","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-ancient-migrations","tag-cultural-exchange","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-anthropology","tag-black-current","tag-pacific-ocean","tag-japanese-sailors"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=166"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":167,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/166\/revisions\/167"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=166"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=166"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=166"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}