{"id":16796,"date":"2024-11-13T07:32:51","date_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:32:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16796"},"modified":"2024-11-13T07:32:51","modified_gmt":"2024-11-13T07:32:51","slug":"chicken-domestication-origins-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/zoology\/chicken-domestication-origins-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 nh\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i n\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 4.000 \u0111\u1ebfn 10.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u1eb9p ph\u1ea1m vi \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00faa do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c tr\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n

T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 g\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecf (Gallus gallus spaedicus), m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i chim nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1edbi c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc Charles Darwin l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 v\u00e0 g\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n

B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khung th\u1eddi gian thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u01a1n 600 di ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch g\u00e0 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Ban Non Wat, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb 1650 TCN \u0111\u1ebfn 1250 TCN.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng, \u00edt c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i h\u01a1n, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e0 r\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm \u0103n t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c khu \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a g\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, n\u01a1i ch\u00fang ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n h\u00f3a h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0110\u1ecba Trung H\u1ea3i v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 2.800 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, g\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a g\u00e0, cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng g\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt linh thi\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 trong c\u00e1c nghi l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c nghi th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

Ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng carbon ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi x\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u00c1-\u00c2u v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang tr\u1ebb h\u01a1n h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m so v\u1edbi suy ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng theo th\u1eddi gian, x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 3.500 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a g\u00e0. Theo th\u1eddi gian, g\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a g\u00e0: H\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a g\u00e0 nh\u00e0. \u0110\u00f4ng…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24857,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[22214,22212,22213,1412],"class_list":["post-16796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-archaeological-evidence","tag-chicken-domestication","tag-red-jungle-fowl","tag-cultural-significance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16796"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24858,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16796\/revisions\/24858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}