Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong b\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi cu\u1ed9c xung \u0111\u1ed9t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u leo thang, NAACP v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1edd b\u00e1o da \u0111en \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi tham gia nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfn tranh. N\u0103m 1941, \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t phu nh\u00e2n Eleanor Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Tuskegee, m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1881. B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ebfn bay v\u1edbi Charles Alfred Anderson, m\u1ed9t phi c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o phi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Roosevelt \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i hy v\u1ecdng cho nh\u1eefng phi c\u00f4ng da \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7y ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n
Cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, Qu\u00e2n \u0111o\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n L\u1ee5c qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf Moton Field, c\u00e1ch H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Tuskegee b\u1ed1n d\u1eb7m, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng da \u0111en. 13 h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ed1ng trong k\u00fd t\u00fac x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Tuskegee v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn bay c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n t\u1eeb Anderson.<\/p>\n\n
Sau t\u00e1m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Tuskegee c\u1ee7a Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb to\u00e0n da \u0111en \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia, \u0110\u1ed9i bay ti\u00eam k\u00edch s\u1ed1 99. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1943, \u0110\u1ed9i bay s\u1ed1 99 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1943.<\/p>\n\n
Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0110\u1ed9i bay 99 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c s\u0129 quan da tr\u1eafng. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u. V\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 10 n\u0103m 1943, Ch\u1ec9 huy phi \u0111\u1ed9i, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00e1 Benjamin O. Davis Jr., \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban c\u1ee7a B\u1ed9 Chi\u1ebfn tranh, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ed9i bay 99 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u00edch t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 phi \u0111\u1ed9i ti\u00eam k\u00edch m\u1edbi n\u00e0o, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi n\u1ea1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xa l\u1ea1 v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 27 th\u00e1ng 1 n\u0103m 1944, \u0110\u1ed9i bay 99 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng l\u1edbn trong m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n tra t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ponziane c\u1ee7a \u00dd. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y s\u00e1u m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng b\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfc kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i im l\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ed9i bay 99 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n
Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u1ebft th\u00fac, kho\u1ea3ng 450 trong s\u1ed1 992 phi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Tuskegee \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 1.578 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t 260 m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ecbch v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh ch\u00ecm m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft gi\u00e1p h\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng, bao g\u1ed3m 95 Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0110\u01a1n v\u1ecb Xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n
Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Tuskegee Airmen trong chi\u1ebfn tranh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Harry S. Truman k\u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1948, bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp trong qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n
N\u0103m 1998, C\u01a1 quan C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Di t\u00edch L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Qu\u1ed1c gia Tuskegee Airmen t\u1ea1i Moton Field. Khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c Moton Field v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u00e1y bay nguy\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n
Moton Field c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khai sinh c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng da \u0111en. Nh\u1eefng Tuskegee Airmen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n
Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi, theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thanh thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean da \u0111en, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Tuskegee Airmen l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u1ecd c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tuskegee Airmen: Nh\u1eefng phi c\u00f4ng qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 da m\u00e0u da \u0111en ti\u00ean phong Nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 II, ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9 g\u1ed1c Phi ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4744,596,41,1242,3533,4037,19004,22380,2897],"class_list":["post-16925","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-heroes","tag-inspiration","tag-aviation-history","tag-military-history","tag-trailblazers","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-black-history-month","tag-tuskegee-airmen","tag-overcoming-adversity"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16925"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16926,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16925\/revisions\/16926"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16925"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16925"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16925"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}