{"id":16941,"date":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16941"},"modified":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T19:02:37","slug":"the-rich-drivers-of-civilization-and-inequality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/science\/social-science\/the-rich-drivers-of-civilization-and-inequality\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u: \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u: \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t sinh s\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh. Vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi m\u1edbi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi mong mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tinh hoa gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1edf th\u00edch th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n

S\u1edf th\u00edch th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 s\u1edf th\u00edch th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

L\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u01b0u ti\u00ean l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh h\u01a1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tha h\u00f3a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a<\/h2>\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc cho th\u1ea5y ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng b\u1eefa ti\u1ec7c xa hoa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh bu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n \u0103n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ea7n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, \u1edbt v\u00e0 b\u01a1, ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft Darwin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t di truy\u1ec1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc. Thuy\u1ebft Darwin x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n d\u0129 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3<\/h2>\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf tinh hoa t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed1i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho ph\u00e9p s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n

C\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/h2>\n\n

X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf, gi\u1ea3m b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n vinh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u: \u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 v\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n Trong su\u1ed1t chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[824],"tags":[6051,1280,37,97,27,20120,2098],"class_list":["post-16941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-science","tag-inequality","tag-ethics","tag-innovation","tag-science","tag-history","tag-wealth","tag-society"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16942,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16941\/revisions\/16942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}