{"id":16975,"date":"2024-05-23T10:33:35","date_gmt":"2024-05-23T10:33:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16975"},"modified":"2024-05-23T10:33:35","modified_gmt":"2024-05-23T10:33:35","slug":"bayard-rustin-architect-march-washington","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/life\/activism\/bayard-rustin-architect-march-washington\/","title":{"rendered":"Bayard Rustin: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 C\u00f4ng l\u00fd X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bayard Rustin: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n

Bayard Rustin, sinh n\u0103m 1912, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Quaker \u0111\u00e3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee9c \u0103n k\u00e9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Wilberforce, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed5i b\u00f9ng l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington<\/h2>\n\n

N\u0103m 1963, Rustin \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington v\u00ec Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 T\u1ef1 do. Cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh l\u1edbn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p kho\u1ea3ng 250.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd kinh t\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thi\u00ean t\u00e0i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u1eadu c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vang d\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1eb1ng sau h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington, Rustin th\u01b0\u1eddng lui v\u1ec1 h\u1eadu tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec danh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng, nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i phong tr\u00e0o \u0111\u00f2i quy\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Rustin \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/h2>\n\n

Rustin l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Martin Luther King Jr. v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Mahatma Gandhi v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Rustin c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9 v\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 do ni\u1ec1m tin theo ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sau cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh<\/h2>\n\n

Sau Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington, Rustin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng kinh t\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1eddi t\u01b0 v\u00e0 Di s\u1ea3n<\/h2>\n\n

Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1eaft v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ghi v\u00e0o s\u1ed5 \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ednh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed3ng thu\u1eadn. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Walter Naegle.<\/p>\n\n

N\u0103m 1987, Rustin qua \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di s\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama \u0111\u00e3 truy t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00ec “nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00f4 song” v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a Rustin<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a Bayard Rustin cho phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m cho ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn binh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Hoa K\u1ef3<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t trong phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. T\u00e0i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Rustin<\/h2>\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Rustin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u00ec khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a m\u00ecnh. Cam k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean phong th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a phong tr\u00e0o d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Rustin d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/h2>\n\n

Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Bayard Rustin d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng phi b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5u tranh cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bayard Rustin: Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Cu\u1ed9c tu\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn Washington \u0110\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Bayard Rustin, sinh n\u0103m 1912, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Quaker \u0111\u00e3 tham…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":23499,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4059],"tags":[22431,22433,22432,5159,4037,3244],"class_list":["post-16975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-activism","tag-bayard-rustin","tag-nonviolent-activism","tag-march-on-washington","tag-lgbtq-history","tag-civil-rights-movement","tag-social-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16975"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16976,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16975\/revisions\/16976"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23499"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}