{"id":16994,"date":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","date_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=16994"},"modified":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-05T21:58:15","slug":"european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/art\/art-history\/european-printmakers-imaginative-colonial-american-cities\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n in kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n in kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9<\/h2>\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0 19, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tranh kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c: t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba xa x\u00f4i c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9 th\u0103m ch\u00fang. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng khung c\u1ea3nh k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tranh kh\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng, sao ch\u00e9p c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n

S\u1ef1 tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a tranh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh<\/h2>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1eafc tranh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Balthasar Friedrich Leizelt v\u00e0 Franz Xaver Habermann \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tranh kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tranh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 xem qua zograscope, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb quang h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ba chi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n

Vay m\u01b0\u1ee3n g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0, Leizelt v\u00e0 Habermann kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c h\u1ecda th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 qu\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 Philadelphia v\u00e0 New York<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc “Philadelphie” v\u00e0 “La nouvelle Yorck” c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sao ch\u00e9p t\u1eeb g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u Royal \u1edf Deptford, Anh. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 Boston v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e0i George III<\/h2>\n\n

G\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Leizelt v\u00e0 Habermann v\u1ec1 ph\u1ed1 King \u1edf Boston cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf Boston thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng George III \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sai.<\/p>\n\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c tranh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Leizelt v\u00e0 Habermann v\u1eabn l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch nh\u00ecn qua zograscope v\u00e0 say m\u00ea tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh quang h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n

Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Leizelt v\u00e0 Habermann<\/h2>\n\n

Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Clements t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Leizelt v\u00e0 Habermann. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh kh\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ee5c T\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm danh m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Michigan v\u00e0 s\u1ebd s\u1edbm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Clements.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tranh kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u<\/h2>\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m tranh kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1ea1o ra th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 th\u00fa v\u1ecb trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 xa l\u1ea1 b\u00ean kia \u0110\u1ea1i T\u00e2y D\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u1ea7y s\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n in kh\u1eafc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 L\u1ecbch s\u1eed V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 18 v\u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[710],"tags":[22453,22455,21838,22454,99,15853,22456,22457],"class_list":["post-16994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-history","tag-european-printmakers","tag-historical-inaccuracy","tag-printmaking","tag-fictionalized-depictions","tag-lifescienceart","tag-colonial-america","tag-imaginative-visions","tag-vues-doptique"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16994"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16995,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16994\/revisions\/16995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16994"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16994"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16994"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}